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Table 1 Sample characteristics stratified for sex (mean values or percentages and 95% CI )*

From: Associations of dietary indices with biomarkers of dietary exposure and cardiovascular status among adolescents in Germany

 

All participants N=5,198

Boys N=2,646

Girls N=2,552

Age

15.1

15.1 (15.0-15.1)

15.1 (15.0-15.1)

Energy intake

2,871

3,150 (3,089-3,211)

2,582 (2,529-2,634)

Index scores

HFD

0.51

0.49 (0.48-.049)

0.54 (0.53-0.54)

HuSKY

53.1

51.8 (51.4-52.2)

54.5 (54.1-54.9)

IFI

9.03

8.58 (8.49-8.66)

9.50 (9.41-9.58)

Fruit/vegetable intake

3.30

3.02 (2.90-3.11)

3.59 (3.48-3.72)

Obesity status (%)$

17.2

17.2 (15.8-18.7)

17.2 (15.8-18.7)

Overweight

9.2

9.4 (8.4-10.6)

9.0 (7.9-10.1)

Obese

8.0

7.8 (6.8-8.9)

8.2 (7.2-9.3)

Alcohol consumption (%)

22.9

29.0 (27.3-30.7)

16.5 (15.1-18.0)

Smoking (%)

22.5

22.3 (20.7-23.9)

22.7 (20.8-23.9)

Physical activity (%)

Every day

21.6

27.1 (25.5-28.9)

15.8 (14.4-17.2)

3-5times/week

32.2

37.9 (36.1-39.8)

26.2 (24.5-27.9)

1-2times/week

30.6

25.2 (23.6-26.9)

36.2 (34.4-38.1)

1-2times/day

5.5

3.8 (3.1-6.4)

7.3 (6.4-8.4)

Never

10.1

5.9 (5.0-6.9)

14.5 (19.1-22.2)

SES (%)$$

Low

25.8

25.9 (24.3-27.6)

25.7 (24.0-27.4)

Medium

48.1

47.6 (45.7-49.5)

48.7 (46.8-50.6)

High

26.0

26.5 (24.8-28.2)

25.6 (24.0-27.4)

Season (%)

Spring

21.9

22.4 (20.8-24.0)

21.4 (19.9-23.1)

Summer

21.8

21.8 (20.3-23.4)

21.8 (20.2-23.4)

Autumn

30.3

30.2 (28.5-32.0)

30.3 (28.5-32.1)

Winter

26.0

25.6 (24.0-27.3)

26.5 (24.8-28.2)

  1. Abbreviation: CI (Confidence interval), HFD (Healthy Food Diversity Index), HuSKY (Healthy Nutrition Score for Kids and Youth), IFI (Indicator Food Index), SES (Socio-economic status).
  2. *Non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals were considered statistical significant.
  3. $calculated according to Kromeyer-Hauschild et al. [35].
  4. $$calculated according to Winkler and Stolzenberg [29].