Table 1 Body weight visceral fat contents and overnight-fasted serum glucose and insulin levels at the end of experimental periods

Body weight (g)

320 ± 33^b

317 ± 29^b

333 ± 34^ab

322 ± 30^b

348 ± 31^a

Epididymal fat pads/body weight (g/kg bw)

9.0 ± 1.2^a

7.1 ± 0.9^b

7.4 ± 1.0^b

7.2 ± 0.9^b

7.5 ± 1.0^b

Retroperitoneal fat/body weight (g/kg bw)

15.5 ± 2.0^a

12.4 ± 1.9^b

13.2 ± 1.9^b

12.5 ± 1.8^b

12.9 ± 1.8^b

Energy intake (kcal/day)

105 ± 17

114 ± 15

119 ± 21

118 ± 19

113 ± 14

Total active time (m/h)

4.4 ± 0.7^b

5.2 ± 0.8^ab

5.7 ± 0.8^a

5.4 ± 0.6^a

5.5 ± 0.6^a

Energy expenditure (kcal/kg^0.75/day)

119 ± 15^b

126 ± 15^ab

129 ± 16^ab

133 ± 16^a

111 ± 14^b

Respiratory quotient

0.86 ± 0.11

0.84 ± 0.10

0.81 ± 0.10

0.80 ± 0.09

0.83 ± 0.10

VO₂ (mL/kg^0.75/min)

17.0 ± 2.1^b

17.9 ± 2.2^ab

18.4 ± 2.2^ab

19.0 ± 2.1^a

15.9 ± 2.0^b

Carbohydrate oxidation (mg/kg^0.75/min)

6.6 ± 0.9^a

6.1 ± 0.7^ab

4.8 ± 0.6^b

5.0 ± 0.6^b

4.8 ± 0.6^b

Fat oxidation (mg/kg^0.75/min)

6.1 ± 0.8^c

7.3 ± 0.9^b

8.9 ± 1.1^a

9.2 ± 1.1^a

7.1 ± 0.9^b