Table 2 Glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion during hyperglycemic clamp

Serum glucose at basal state (mM)

7.1 ± 0.8

6.9 ± 0.7

7.1 ± 0.7

7.0 ± 1.0

7.0 ± 0.6

Serum insulin (ng/mL)

1.37 ± 0.17^a

1.13 ± 0.15^b

1.07 ± 0.16^b

1.05 ± 0.14^b

1.09 ± 0.15^b

HOMA-IR

12.6 ± 2.5^a

9.4 ± 2.1^b

9.1 ± 1.9^b

8.8 ± 1.9^b

9.2 ± 2.1^b

First phase of insulin (0–10 min; ng/mL)

2.25 ± 0.35

2.18 ± 0.32

2.26 ± 0.33

2.44 ± 0.34

2.51 ± 0.37

Second phase of insulin (60–120 min; ng/mL)

2.66 ± 0.38^a

2.42 ± 0.40^ab

2.34 ± 0.34^b

2.36 ± 0.32^b

2.32 ± 0.34^b

AUC of first phase of insulin (0–10 min; ng/mL*min)

26.3 ± 3.8

25.8 ± 3.5

26.7 ± 3.6

29.1 ± 3.6

30.0 ± 4.2

AUC of second phase of insulin (30–120 min; ng/mL*min)

246 ± 33^a

225 ± 31^ab

215 ± 29^b

217 ± 27^b

212 ± 28^b

Glucose infusion rate (mg/kg bw/min)

8.6 ± 1.5^c

11.6 ± 1.8^b

12.8 ± 2.0^ab

13.2 ± 2.1^a

13.4 ± 1.9^a

Insulin sensitivity at hyperglycemic state (μmol glucose · min⁻¹ · 100 g⁻¹ per μmol insulin/L)

3.2 ± 0.6^c

4.8 ± 0.7^b

5.5 ± 0.8^a

5.6 ± 0.8^a

5.8 ± 0.8^a