Serum glucose at basal state (mM)
|
7.1 ± 0.8
|
6.9 ± 0.7
|
7.1 ± 0.7
|
7.0 ± 1.0
|
7.0 ± 0.6
|
Serum insulin (ng/mL)
|
1.37 ± 0.17a
|
1.13 ± 0.15b
|
1.07 ± 0.16b
|
1.05 ± 0.14b
|
1.09 ± 0.15b
|
HOMA-IR
|
12.6 ± 2.5a
|
9.4 ± 2.1b
|
9.1 ± 1.9b
|
8.8 ± 1.9b
|
9.2 ± 2.1b
|
First phase of insulin (0–10 min; ng/mL)
|
2.25 ± 0.35
|
2.18 ± 0.32
|
2.26 ± 0.33
|
2.44 ± 0.34
|
2.51 ± 0.37
|
Second phase of insulin (60–120 min; ng/mL)
|
2.66 ± 0.38a
|
2.42 ± 0.40ab
|
2.34 ± 0.34b
|
2.36 ± 0.32b
|
2.32 ± 0.34b
|
AUC of first phase of insulin (0–10 min; ng/mL*min)
|
26.3 ± 3.8
|
25.8 ± 3.5
|
26.7 ± 3.6
|
29.1 ± 3.6
|
30.0 ± 4.2
|
AUC of second phase of insulin (30–120 min; ng/mL*min)
|
246 ± 33a
|
225 ± 31ab
|
215 ± 29b
|
217 ± 27b
|
212 ± 28b
|
Glucose infusion rate (mg/kg bw/min)
|
8.6 ± 1.5c
|
11.6 ± 1.8b
|
12.8 ± 2.0ab
|
13.2 ± 2.1a
|
13.4 ± 1.9a
|
Insulin sensitivity at hyperglycemic state (μmol glucose · min−1 · 100 g−1 per μmol insulin/L)
|
3.2 ± 0.6c
|
4.8 ± 0.7b
|
5.5 ± 0.8a
|
5.6 ± 0.8a
|
5.8 ± 0.8a
|