Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by gender and drinking status *

Age at interview (yeas, median ± IQR^†)

55.7 ± 18.2

57.8 ± 14.2

53.8 ± 17.7

<0.001

57.6 ± 15.3

59.5 ± 16.9

<0.001

Weight (kg, mean ± SD)

60.2 ± 0.1

58.1 ± 0.3

58.2 ± 0.1

0.855

64.7 ± 0.2

63.6 ± 0.2

<0.001

BMI (kg/m², mean ± SD)

23.7 ± 0.0

23.7 ± 0.1

24.0 ± 0.0

0.029

23.3 ± 0.1

23.2 ± 0.1

0.020

Red meat (g/day, median ± IQR)

18.9 ± 22.8

18.9 ± 24.2

18.9 ± 24.2

0.169

25.1 ± 25.1

18.9 ± 18.9

<0.001

White meat (g/day, median ± IQR)

10.8 ± 18.2

10.8 ± 17.0

10.8 ± 17.2

0.473

14.1 ± 18.2

10.8 ± 18.2

<0.001

Fish (g/day, median ± IQR)

22.1 ± 34.1

20.4 ± 34.1

20.4 ± 26.6

0.159

22.1 ± 31.0

22.1 ± 35.4

<0.001

Vegetables (g/day, median ± IQR)

225.0 ± 187.5

267.9 ± 187.5

225.0 ± 225.0

0.013

300.0 ± 187.5

262.5 ± 225.0

0.017

Fruits (g/day, median ± IQR)

17.5 ± 41.5

13.7 ± 41.5

17.5 ± 41.5

0.003

18.0 ± 41.3

18.3 ± 41.3

0.626

Soy food (g/day, median ± IQR)

28.6 ± 57.1

28.0 ± 35.7

28.6 ± 57.1

<0.001

32.9 ± 57.1

32.9 ± 57.1

0.450

MS (%)

21.1

20.6

23.6

0.009

16.4

17.1

0.477

Education (%)

Primary school/under

59.7

69.1

63.3

50.8

52.8

Middle school

27.9

22.0

26.9

31.1

30.1

High school/above

12.4

8.9

9.8

<0.001

18.1

17.1

0.057

Marriage (%)

Yes

90.0

90.7

90.1

91.1

88.2

No^#

10.0

9.3

9.9

0.644

9.0

11.8

<0.001

Income per person (%)

≤500 Yuan

64.3

63.0

65.2

61.4

64.4

501-1000 Yuan

29.1

29.6

29.2

29.8

28.0

≥1001 Yuan

6.6

7.4

5.6

0.294

8.8

7.7

0.007

Farmer (%)

Yes

64.9

73.5

68.6

55.3

59.0

No

35.1

26.5

31.4

<0.001

44.7

41.0

<0.001

Ever smoked (%)

Yes

18.8

11.5

2.7

58.3

35.4

No

81.2

88.5

97.3

<0.001

41.7

64.6

<0.001

Tea consumption (%)

Yes

15.2

15.1

10.0

28.4

19.3

No

84.8

84.9

90.0

<0.001

71.6

80.7

<0.001

Exercise (%)

Yes

9.3

8.8

10.1

8.2

7.7

No

90.7

91.2

89.9

0.092

91.8

92.3

0.508