Table 3 Beneficial effects of nitrate/nitrite administration on type 2 diabetes complications
From: Beneficial effects of inorganic nitrate/nitrite in type 2 diabetes and its complications
Author | Animal | Treatment | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
Ohtake, 2007 [67] | Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats | Administration of nitrite in drinking water for 4 weeks | ↓ Serum malondialdehyde concentrations |
↑ Nitrite levels in the kidney | |||
Improvement in glomerular injury parameters including urinary protein and albumin excretion, histopathological glomerular hypertrophy, and mesangial matrix accumulation | |||
Carlstrom, 2011 [68] | Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and chronic high-salt diet | Administration of nitrate at doses of 0.14 and 1.4 g NaNO3/kg diet for 10 weeks | ↓ Proteinuria |
Improvement of histological renal injury, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis | |||
Restored tissue levels of bioactive nitrogen oxides | |||
↓ Plasma malondialdehyde concentration | |||
↓Urinary F2-isoprostanes and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine | |||
Attenuates increased plasma and urinary levels of dimethylarginine (an endogenous NOS inhibitor) | |||
↑ Serum L-arginine levels |