Fig. 3

a Sphaeranthus Indicus extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production in mice. Groups of 10 mice were treated orally with Sphaeranthus Indicus methanolic extract, 60 min prior to lipopolysaccharide injection (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Levels of TNF-α in the plasma were measured 1.5 h after lipopolysaccharide injection. Results are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.001 significantly different from LPS control (students t test). b Sphaeranthus indicus extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β production in mice. Groups of 10 mice were treated orally with S. indicus 60 min prior to lipopolysaccharide injection (2 mg/kg, i.p.). Amounts of IL-1β in the plasma were measured 4 h after lipopolysaccharide injection. Results are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.001 significantly different from LPS control (students t test)