Table 1 Baseline characteristics of children and adolescents according to quartiles of sugar sweetened beverage consumption: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Median intake (ml/d)

9.3

32.0

58.6

142.2

Age (years)

13.8 ± 3.7

12.9 ± 3.7

13.8 ± 3.7

13.7 ± 3.6

0.737

Girls (%)

72

43

62

50

0.092

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

96.8 ± 12.2

97.7 ± 10.7

97.1 ± 11.7

100.2 ± 12.0

0.021

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

64.3 ± 9.4

63.9 ± 6.9

65.7 ± 9.1

64.7 ± 10.2

0.520

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

83.0 (62.7–103.2)

77.0 (63.0–94.0)

84.0 (64.0–105.2)

81.5 (63.0–112.5)

0.216

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

83.9 ± 5.9

84.4 ± 5.9

85.5 ± 5.8

86.0 ± 6.5

0.037

High density lipoprotein (mg/dl)

45.8 ± 11.9

46.3 ± 11.11

47.3 ± 9.6

43.8 ± 9.4.2

0.269

Waist circumstance (cm)

69.7 ± 11.1

69.7 ± 10.4

67.8 ± 10.6

68.1 ± 9.5

0.231

Body mass index (kg/m²)

18.7 ± 4.3

19.2 ± 3.8

19.7 ± 3.6

20.1 ± 3.8

<0.001

Daily dietary intakes

 Total energy (kcal)

2116 ± 962

2364 ± 1017

2440 ± 1020

3317 ± 1670

<0.001

 Dietary fiber/1000 kcal (g)

14.5 ± 6.4

14.4 ± 6.6

14.6 ± 5.5

14.2 ± 4.6

0.866

 Total fat (% energy)

32.4 ± 8.5

31.9 ± 6.3

32.3 ± 7.2

31.6 ± 5.5

0.785

 Trans-fatty acids (g)

4.17 ± 3.88

4.23 ± 2.83

5.26 ± 5.77

6.6 ± 4.6

<0.001

 Saturated fatty acids (g)

25.1 ± 12.7

28.1 ± 13.2

27.6 ± 16.4

41.9 ± 23.2

<0.001

 Protein (% energy)

13.0 ± 2.4

13.8 ± 3.4

12.8 ± 1.9

12.9 ± 1.9

0.230

 Carbohydrate (% energy)

56.2 ± 8.7

56.8 ± 7.4

57.1 ± 7.1

57.5 ± 5.9

0.098

 Glucose (g)

11.7 ± 7.8

14.7 ± 7.5

15.2 ± 7.2

25.2 ± 15.2

<0.001

 Fructose (g)

13.2 ± 8.8

16.5 ± 8.2

18.2 ± 8.7

23.9 ± 7.9

<0.001

 Sucrose (g)

26.8 ± 21.2

30.6 ± 20.3

36.5 ± 60.4

41.1 ± 28.4

<0.001

 Total simple sugar (g)

111.4 ± 81.8

118.7 ± 56.0

124.3 ± 81.9

142.9 ± 98.0

<0.001

 Total simple sugar (% energy)

20.8 ± 7.7

20.3 ± 5.2

20.2 ± 5.76

21.6 ± 5.7

0.422

 Glycemic index

61.1 ± 35.8

78.4 ± 38.2

81.5 ± 45.11

102.1 ± 74.5

<0.001

 Fruit (g/1000 kcal)

183.4 ± 118

173.5 ± 113.6

160.5 ± 94.4

130.4 ± 100.1

<0.001

 Vegetable (g/1000 kcal)

105.7 ± 66.2

94.8 ± 55.8

97.4 ± 53.5

94.5 ± 46.2

0.200

 Low fat dairy (g/1000 kcal)

117.9 ± 90.3

113.9 ± 89.7

109.1 ± 75.3

121.5 ± 91.9

0.875

 Meat and processed meat (g/1000 kcal)

11.4 ± 11.9

12.9 ± 9.4

12.5 ± 10.1

14.9 ± 11.2

0.076

 Legumes (g/1000 kcal)

7.0 ± 8.9

6.9 ± 7.6

7.3 ± 9.1

5.9 ± 7.1

0.362

 Whole grains (g/1000 kcal)

38.7 ± 40.9

30.9 ± 31.6

27.0 ± 25.0

26.5 ± 26.6

0.003