|
Median intake (ml/d)
|
9.3
|
32.0
|
58.6
|
142.2
| |
|
Age (years)
|
13.8 ± 3.7
|
12.9 ± 3.7
|
13.8 ± 3.7
|
13.7 ± 3.6
|
0.737
|
|
Girls (%)
|
72
|
43
|
62
|
50
|
0.092
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
96.8 ± 12.2
|
97.7 ± 10.7
|
97.1 ± 11.7
|
100.2 ± 12.0
|
0.021
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
64.3 ± 9.4
|
63.9 ± 6.9
|
65.7 ± 9.1
|
64.7 ± 10.2
|
0.520
|
|
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
|
83.0 (62.7–103.2)
|
77.0 (63.0–94.0)
|
84.0 (64.0–105.2)
|
81.5 (63.0–112.5)
|
0.216
|
|
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)
|
83.9 ± 5.9
|
84.4 ± 5.9
|
85.5 ± 5.8
|
86.0 ± 6.5
|
0.037
|
|
High density lipoprotein (mg/dl)
|
45.8 ± 11.9
|
46.3 ± 11.11
|
47.3 ± 9.6
|
43.8 ± 9.4.2
|
0.269
|
|
Waist circumstance (cm)
|
69.7 ± 11.1
|
69.7 ± 10.4
|
67.8 ± 10.6
|
68.1 ± 9.5
|
0.231
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
18.7 ± 4.3
|
19.2 ± 3.8
|
19.7 ± 3.6
|
20.1 ± 3.8
|
<0.001
|
|
Daily dietary intakes
| | | | | |
|
Total energy (kcal)
|
2116 ± 962
|
2364 ± 1017
|
2440 ± 1020
|
3317 ± 1670
|
<0.001
|
|
Dietary fiber/1000 kcal (g)
|
14.5 ± 6.4
|
14.4 ± 6.6
|
14.6 ± 5.5
|
14.2 ± 4.6
|
0.866
|
|
Total fat (% energy)
|
32.4 ± 8.5
|
31.9 ± 6.3
|
32.3 ± 7.2
|
31.6 ± 5.5
|
0.785
|
|
Trans-fatty acids (g)
|
4.17 ± 3.88
|
4.23 ± 2.83
|
5.26 ± 5.77
|
6.6 ± 4.6
|
<0.001
|
|
Saturated fatty acids (g)
|
25.1 ± 12.7
|
28.1 ± 13.2
|
27.6 ± 16.4
|
41.9 ± 23.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Protein (% energy)
|
13.0 ± 2.4
|
13.8 ± 3.4
|
12.8 ± 1.9
|
12.9 ± 1.9
|
0.230
|
|
Carbohydrate (% energy)
|
56.2 ± 8.7
|
56.8 ± 7.4
|
57.1 ± 7.1
|
57.5 ± 5.9
|
0.098
|
|
Glucose (g)
|
11.7 ± 7.8
|
14.7 ± 7.5
|
15.2 ± 7.2
|
25.2 ± 15.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Fructose (g)
|
13.2 ± 8.8
|
16.5 ± 8.2
|
18.2 ± 8.7
|
23.9 ± 7.9
|
<0.001
|
|
Sucrose (g)
|
26.8 ± 21.2
|
30.6 ± 20.3
|
36.5 ± 60.4
|
41.1 ± 28.4
|
<0.001
|
|
Total simple sugar (g)
|
111.4 ± 81.8
|
118.7 ± 56.0
|
124.3 ± 81.9
|
142.9 ± 98.0
|
<0.001
|
|
Total simple sugar (% energy)
|
20.8 ± 7.7
|
20.3 ± 5.2
|
20.2 ± 5.76
|
21.6 ± 5.7
|
0.422
|
|
Glycemic index
|
61.1 ± 35.8
|
78.4 ± 38.2
|
81.5 ± 45.11
|
102.1 ± 74.5
|
<0.001
|
|
Fruit (g/1000 kcal)
|
183.4 ± 118
|
173.5 ± 113.6
|
160.5 ± 94.4
|
130.4 ± 100.1
|
<0.001
|
|
Vegetable (g/1000 kcal)
|
105.7 ± 66.2
|
94.8 ± 55.8
|
97.4 ± 53.5
|
94.5 ± 46.2
|
0.200
|
|
Low fat dairy (g/1000 kcal)
|
117.9 ± 90.3
|
113.9 ± 89.7
|
109.1 ± 75.3
|
121.5 ± 91.9
|
0.875
|
|
Meat and processed meat (g/1000 kcal)
|
11.4 ± 11.9
|
12.9 ± 9.4
|
12.5 ± 10.1
|
14.9 ± 11.2
|
0.076
|
|
Legumes (g/1000 kcal)
|
7.0 ± 8.9
|
6.9 ± 7.6
|
7.3 ± 9.1
|
5.9 ± 7.1
|
0.362
|
|
Whole grains (g/1000 kcal)
|
38.7 ± 40.9
|
30.9 ± 31.6
|
27.0 ± 25.0
|
26.5 ± 26.6
|
0.003
|
