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Table 3 Multivariable-adjusted ORs (95 % CIs) of incident MetS and its components by quartiles of sugar sweetened carbonated soft drink and fruit juice drink intakes after 3.6 years of follow up among children and adolescents

From: Consumption of sugar sweetened beverage is associated with incidence of metabolic syndrome in Tehranian children and adolescents

 

Quartiles

P for trend1

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Sugar sweetened carbonated soft drink (ml/d)

1.12

9.33

33.06

100.00

 

MetS

     

 Model 1

1.00

1.06 (0.31–3.57)

2.29 (0.76–6.97)

3.33 (1.04–10.73)

0.014

 Model 2

1.00

1.02 (0.30–3.47)

2.39 (0.78–7.31)

3.45 (1.06–11.18)

0.012

 Model 3

1.00

1.11 (0.32–3.82)

2.44 (0.79–7.49)

3.58 (1.09–11.78)

0.013

Low HDL-C

     

 Model 1

1.00

0.38 (0.12–1.30)

0.77 (0.31–1.93)

1.00 (0.33–2.98)

0.982

 Model 2

1.00

0.37 (0.11–1.27)

0.71 (0.28–1.84)

1.15 (0.35–3.79)

0.950

 Model 3

1.00

0.37 (0.11–1.28)

0.69 (0.26–1.80)

1.15 (0.35–3.81)

0.989

Abdominal obesity

     

 Model 1

1.00

1.73 (0.72–4.16)

1.99 (0.83–4.77)

2.76 (0.92–8.28)

0.064

 Model 2

1.00

1.85 (0.76–4.49)

2.23 (0.91–5.43)

3.39 (1.08–10.70)

0.034

 Model 3

1.00

1.57 (0.60–4.06)

2.03 (0.78–5.28)

3.78 (1.08–13.27)

0.043

Hypertension

     

 Model 1

1.00

0.77 (0.25–2.36)

1.29 (0.46–3.57)

2.64 (1.03–6.80)

0.022

 Model 2

1.00

0.80 (0.26–2.44)

1.36 (0.48–3.84)

2.84 (1.04–7.19)

0.021

 Model 3

1.00

0.79 (0.26–2.44)

1.37 (0.49–3.84)

2.74 (1.05–7.19)

0.018

High FPG

     

 Model 1

1.00

0.58 (0.21–1.60)

1.97 (0.86–4.53)

1.12 (0.41–3.10)

0.243

 Model 2

1.00

0.56 (0.20–1.56)

1.95 (0.84–4.54)

1.11 (0.40–3.11)

0.255

 Model 3

1.00

0.55 (0.20–1.54)

1.93 (0.83–4.50)

1.12 (0.40–3.12)

0.251

High TGs

     

 Model 1

1.00

1.04 (0.35–3.11)

2.01 (0.71–5.68)

1.89 (0.65–5.60)

0.137

 Model 2

1.00

1.03 (0.34–3.12)

2.04 (0.71–5.89)

1.97 (0.46–6.02)

0.124

 Model 3

1.00

0.83 (0.27–2.58)

1.91 (0.66–5.50)

1.75 (0.57–5.37)

0.148

Fruit juice drink (ml/d)

1.31

8.29

20.40

67.14

 

MetS

     

 Model 1

1.00

1.17 (0.46–2.96)

0.62 (0.22–1.79)

1.18 (0.46–3.06)

0.993

 Model 2

1.00

1.10 (0.42–2.82)

0.60 (0.20–1.78)

1.17 (0.42–3.16)

0.984

 Model 3

1.00

1.13 (0.43–2.91)

0.64 (0.21–1.92)

1.19 (0.44–3.21)

0.947

Low HDL-C

     

 Model 1

1.00

0.76 (0.27–2.14)

0.76 (0.29–2.01)

0.49 (0.16–1.49)

0.235

 Model 2

1.00

0.68 (0.23–1.99)

0.70 (0.26–1.86)

0.43 (0.14–1.36)

0.171

 Model 3

1.00

0.69 (0.23–2.02)

0.72 (0.27–1.92)

0.44 (0.14–1.39)

0.181

Abdominal obesity

     

 Model 1

1.00

1.54 (0.71–3.35)

0.75 (0.31–1.80)

1.32 (0.59–2.95)

0.899

 Model 2

1.00

1.53 (0.69–3.78)

0.72 (0.29–1.77)

1.15 (0.48–2.77)

0.854

 Model 3

1.00

2.31 (0.95–5.61)

0.88 (0.33–2.35)

1.26 (0.48–3.34)

0.865

Hypertension

     

 Model 1

1.00

1.72 (0.63–4.72)

1.48 (0.53–4.14)

1.10 (0.38–3.21)

0.990

 Model 2

1.00

1.86 (0.67–5.19)

1.65 (0.57–4.77)

1.18 (0.39–3.58)

0.878

 Model 3

1.00

2.00 (0.71–5.66)

1.91 (0.65–5.60)

1.28 (0.42–3.94)

0.748

High FPG

     

 Model 1

1.00

1.17 (0.46–2.97)

0.62 (0.22–1.79)

1.18 (0.46–3.06)

0.993

 Model 2

1.00

1.10 (0.43–2.82)

0.60 (0.20–1.78)

1.17 (0.44–3.16)

0.984

 Model 3

1.00

1.13 (0.44–2.91)

0.64 (0.21–1.92)

1.19 (0.44–3.21)

0.947

High TGs

     

 Model 1

1.00

0.62 (0.23–1.63)

0.49 (0.18–1.31)

0.79 (0.30–2.07)

0.464

 Model 2

1.00

0.60 (0.22–1.60)

0.43 (0.15–1.20)

0.77 (0.28–2.11)

0.419

 Model 3

1.00

0.64 (0.24–1.73)

0.47 (0.16–1.34)

0.84 (0.30–2.33)

0.544

  1. MetS metabolic syndrome, HDL-C high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TGs triglycerides
  2. Model1: Adjusted for baseline age, sex, total energy intake, physical activity, and family history of diabetes
  3. Model 2: Additionally adjusted for dietary fiber, tea and coffee, red and processed meat, fruit, and vegetable
  4. Model 3: Additionally adjusted for body mass index
  5. 1Based on logistic regression model using median intake of sugar sweetened beverages in each quartile as a continuous variable