Effects of Zinc supplementation on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Wathurapatha, WS; Ishara, MH; Jayawardana, R.; Galappatthy, P.; Katulanda, P.; Constantine, GR

doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0023-4

Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 1 Description of included studies

From: Effects of Zinc supplementation on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors^[ref] Year of Publication; Country	Study design	Duration of Zn supplementation	n control(s)/placebo, n Zn supplement(s) n Other supplements	Gender	Age	Health status	Formulation Elemental Zn dose(s)	Lipid parameters studied	Significant outcomes
Afkhami-Ardekani et al. [18] 2008; Iran	R, P	1.5 months	20 20	Both	52.67 ± 8.6	Type-2 diabetes patients	ZnSO₄ 660 mg/day^a	TG, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c	Reduction in TG, TC and LDL
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group [48] 2002; United States	R, DB, P	5 years	166 202 (Zn),168(Zn + antioxidants) 181 (antioxidants)	Both	55-80	Patients with Age-related macular degeneration	ZnO 80 mg/day	TG, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c	Lipid profile not significantly affected by long-term supplementation with Zinc
Black et al. [36] 1988; United States	R, DB, P	3 months	9 13,9	Males	19-29	Healthy	Zn gluconate 50 mg/day (n = 13) 75 mg/day (n = 9)	TG, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL	Serum TC, VLDL, LDL-c, TG not affected. Both Zn groups had significantly lower HDL than placebo group and lower than baseline
Bogden et al. [37] 1988; United States	R, DB, P	3 months	36 36, 31	Both	60-89	Healthy	Zn acetate 15 mg/day (n = 36) 100 mg/day (n = 31)	TC, HLD-c,	Serum TC and HDL-c was not altered significantly by Zinc
Boukaïba et al. [35] 1993; France	R, DB, C	2 months	23, 21	Both	73-106	Healthy 2 groups Reference- BMI >24 kg/m² (n = 23)	Zn gluconate 20 mg/day	TG, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c	Reduced TC in both Lean and Reference groups than placebo. Reduced HDL in Reference group. Higher TG in Lean group. No effect on TG in Reference group. Ratio of LDL-c to HDL-c not affected.
			23, 21			Healthy 2 groups Reference- BMI >24 kg/m² (n = 23)
			23, 21			Lean – BMI < 21 kg/m² (n = 21)
Brewer et al. [49] 1991; United States	O	1-5 years	No controls	Both	NM	Wilson’s disease	NM	TG, TC, HDL-c,	HDL level reduced in males only. TC reduced in both genders.
			No controls					LDL-c, TC/HDL-c
			11(F), 13(M)					LDL-c, TC/HDL-c
Chevalier et al. [38] 2002; United States	R, DB, P	3 months	10	Both	23-80	End-Stage Renal	ZnSO₄	TC, HDL-c,	TC and LDL-c increased. No change in HDL-c
			10			Disease on Haemodialysis	50 mg/day	LDL-c
			10			Disease on Haemodialysis	50 mg/day	LDL-c
Crouse et al. [39] 1984; United States	R, DB, P	2 months	10,11	Males	20-55	Healthy	ZnSO₄	TG, TC, HDL-c,	No significant change in lipid parameters in both groups
			10,11			2 groups	28.7 mg/day	LDL-c
			11,12			Endurance trained
						(n = 21)
						Sedentary (n = 23)
Farvid et al. [34] 2004; Iran	R, DB, P	3 months	18	Both	30-69	Type-2	ZnSO₄	TG, TC, HDL-c,	Co-supplementation of Mg, Zn, Vitamins C and E significantly increases HDL-c. TG, TC, LDL-c not altered
			18			Diabetes patients	30 mg/day	LDL-c
			16 (Zn + Mg), 17(Zn + Mg + Vit.C + Vit.E) 18 (Vit C+ Vit.E)			Diabetes patients	30 mg/day	LDL-c
Federico et al. [45] 2001; Italy	R, CC	2 months	30	Both	46-61	Gut cancer patients	NM	TC	No Significant reduction in TC
			30				21 mg/day
			30 (Zn + Se)				21 mg/day
Feillet-Coudray et al. [40] 2006; France	R, DB, P	6 months	16 (F),16 (M), 16 (F), 16 (M)	Both	55-70	Healthy	Zn gluconate	TG, TC, HDL-c,	No significant change in lipid parameters
			16 (F), 16 (M), 15 (F), 16 (M)					TG, TC, HDL-c,
								LDL-c
							15 mg/day(n = 32)
							30 mg/day(n = 31)
Foster et al. [33] 2013; Australia	R, DB, P	3 months	10	Females	65.0 ± 7.8	Type-2	Zn sulphate	TG, TC, HDL-c,	No significant change in lipid parameters
			10			Diabetes patients	40 mg/day	LDL-c
			12 (Zn), 11 (Zn + ALA)
			10 (ALA)
Freeland-Graves et al. [50] 1982; United States	R, DB, P	2 months	8	Females	18-40	Healthy	Zn Acetate	HDL-c	A transient non-dose related reduction in HDL-c
			8				15 mg/day (n = 8)
			8, 8, 8				50 mg/day (n = 8)
			8, 8, 8				100 mg/day (n = 8)
Gatto and Samman [51] 1995; Australia	R, B, C	1 month	10	Males	24.3 ± 4.2	Healthy	ZnSO₄	TG, TC,	No significant changes in TC, LDL-c or TG. HDL₂:HDL₃ ratio increased
			10				50 mg/day	HDL-c,
			10				50 mg/day	LDL-c
Gunasekara et al. [46] 2011; Sri Lanka	R, B, P	4 months	32	Both	M-54.6 ± 7.0	Type-2	ZnSO4	TG, TC, HDL-c,	Reduced TC, LDL and TC/HDL-c ratio only in the group receiving Zinc + MVM supplementation.
			32		F- 54.9 ± 9.0	Diabetes patients	22 mg/day	LDL-c
			28 (Zn + MVM)
			26 (MVM)
Hashemipour et al. [17] 2009; Iran	R, DB, C	2 months	60	Both	6-10	Obese	ZnSO4	TG, TC, HDL-c,	TC, LDL-c and TG reduced. No change in HDL-c
			60				20 mg/day	LDL-c
			60				20 mg/day	LDL-c
Hercberg et al. [44] 2005; France	R, DB, P	7.5 years	3869 (F), 2508(M)	Both	35-60	Healthy	Multi-vitamin	TG, TC, HDL-c,	Significant reduction of HDL-c in men. No significant change in other lipid parameters
Hercberg et al. [44] 2005; France	R, DB, P	7.5 years	3844 (F), 2520(M)	Both	35-60	Healthy	(Zn 20 mg/day)	LDL-c
Hininger-Favier et al. [41] 2007; Europe	R, DB, P	6 months	130	Both	55-85	Healthy	Zn Gluconate	TG, TC, HDL-c,	No effect with Zinc 15 mg/day or 30 mg/day
			130				15 mg/day	LDL-c, LDL:HDL
			126, 131				(n = 126)
			126, 131				30 mg/day (n = 131)
Hooper et al. [52] 1980, United States	P	5 weeks	8	Males	23-35	Healthy	ZnSO4	TG, TC, HDL-c,	25 % reduction of HDL-c. TC, TG, and LDL-c no significant change.
							160 mg/day	TG, TC, HDL-c,
								LDL-c
			12					LDL-c
Kadhim et al. [20] 2006; Iraq	DB, P	3 months	15 (Metformin + Placebo)	Both	40-64	Type-2 Diabetes patients	Zn acetate	TG, TC, HDL-c,	Reduced TC, TG and LDL-c. HDL-c significantly increased.
			18 (Metformin + Melatonin + Zn)				50 mg/day^a	LDL-c
			13 (Melatonin + Zn)				50 mg/day^a	LDL-c
Khan et al. [42], 2013; India	R, P	3 months	21	Both	40-69	Type-2 Diabetes patients	ZnSO4	TG, TC, HDL-c,	Decrease in TG. HDL-c increased. No change in TC and LDL-c.
Khan et al. [42], 2013; India	R, P	3 months	23	Both	40-69	Type-2 Diabetes patients	50 mg/day	LDL-c	Decrease in TG. HDL-c increased. No change in TC and LDL-c.
Kim and Lee [21] 2012; South Korea	P	2 months	20	Females	19-28	Obese	Zn gluconate	TG, TC, HDL-c	No significant change in lipid parameters
			20				30 mg/day
			20				30 mg/day
Li et al. [28] 2010; China	R, DB, P	6.5 months	29	Females	18-55	Obese	Multi-vitamin	TG, TC, HDL-c,	Reduced TC and LDL-c and increased HDL-c in multivitamin & mineral supplemented group. No change in TG.
			29				(Zn 15 mg/day)	LDL-c
			30 (multivitamin & mineral)
			28 (Calcium)
Partida-Hernández et al. [19] 2006, Mexico	R, DB, C	3 months	27	Males	35-65	Type-2	ZnSO4	TG, TC, HDL-c,	Reduced TC, TG, VLDL-c. Increased HDL-c
			27			Diabetes patients	100 mg/day^a	LDL-c, VLDL-c
			27			Diabetes patients	100 mg/day^a	LDL-c, VLDL-c
Payahoo et al. [26] 2013; Iran	R, DB, P	1 month	30	Both	18-45	Obese	Zn gluconate	TG, TC, HDL-c,	TG level decreased.
			30				Zn gluconate	TG, TC, HDL-c,	TG level decreased.
			30				30 mg/day^a	LDL-c	No change in other lipid parameters
Rahimi-Ardabili et al. [27] 2012; Iran	R, DB, P	2 months	30	Both	52.8 ± 12.7	End-Stage Renal	ZnSO4	TG, TC, HDL-c,	No change in TC, TG and LDL-c.
			30			End-Stage Renal	ZnSO4	TG, TC, HDL-c,	No change in TC, TG and LDL-c.
			30			Disease on Haemodialysis	100 mg/day^a	LDL-c	Increase in HDL
RangaRao et al. [53] 1990; India	CC	1 month	5	Males	NM	Type-1	ZnSO4	TG, TC, HDL-c	No significant change in lipid parameters
			5			Diabetes patients	660 mg/day^a
			7			Diabetes patients	660 mg/day^a
Roozbeh et al. [22] 2009; Iran	R, DB, P	1.5 months	26	Both	55.7	End-Stage Renal	ZnSO4	TG, TC, HDL-c,	Increase in TC, TG, LDL-c and HDL-c
			26			Disease on Haemodialysis	50 mg/day	LDL-c
			27			Disease on Haemodialysis	50 mg/day	LDL-c
Samman and Roberts [54] 1988; Australia	R, DB, C	1.5 months	41	Both	M-28.2 ± 2.0	Healthy	ZnSO4	TC, LDL-	No change in TC. In females LDL-C reduced. HDL2 increased and HDL 3 decreased.
			41		F- 26.8 ± 1.6		150 mg/day	c, HDL-c,
			41		F- 26.8 ± 1.6		150 mg/day	HDL2, HDL3
Seet et al. [23] 2011; Singapore	R, B, P	3 months	20	Males	NM	Type-2	Zn gluconate	TG, TC, HDL-c,	No significant change in lipid parameters
			20			Diabetes patients	240 mg/day	LDL-c
			20			Diabetes patients	240 mg/day	LDL-c
Shah et al. [43] 1988; India	R, P	1 month	10	Males	31-70	Ischaemic Heart	ZnSO4	TC, TG, α- and	Significant reduction in TC, β-lipoprotein. Increase in α-lipoprotein. No change in TG
			10			Disease patients	600 mg/day^a	β-lipoprotein
			10			Disease patients	600 mg/day^a	β-lipoprotein
Thurnham et al. [55] 1988; Chiina	R, DB, P	13.5 months	610^b	Both	35-64	Healthy	Zn gluconate	TC	No significant change
Thurnham et al. [55] 1988; Chiina	R, DB, P	13.5 months	610^b	Both	35-64	Healthy	50 mg/d	TC	No significant change

ALA-α-linolenic acid, B-Single blinded, C-Cross over; CC-Case–control, DB-Double Blinded, F-female, HDL-c-High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, LDL-c-Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, M-male, MVM- multivitamin/mineral,NM-Not Mentioned, O- Observational, P-Parallel, R–Randomized, TC-Total Cholesterol, TG-Triglycerides, Age presented as mean ± SD in years where data were available and as age range in other studies
^aDosage of formulation,; ^bNumber of participants in each group is not mentioned

Back to article page

ISSN: 1743-7075

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com