Dietary restriction in obese children and its relation with eating behavior, fibroblast growth factor 21 and leptin: a prospective clinical intervention study

Table 3 Comparative effect of both dietary interventions with t test for independent variables

	L-CHO diet	L-F diet	t-value	p-value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
	N = 53	N = 45
Δ BMI (kg/m²)	−1.21 ± 0.86	−1.21 ± 1.70	0.02	0.99
Δ WHR	−0.01 ± 0.04	0.02 ± 0.14	1.20	0.23
Δ Percent body fat	−0.70 ± 3.17	−0.42 ± 2.85	0.45	0.66
Δ Glucose (mmol/l)	0.01 ± 0.38	0.09 ± 0.53	0.90	0.37
Δ Triglycerides (mmol/l)	−0.07 ± 0.50	0.004 ± 0.61	0.61	0.54
Δ Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	0.22 ± 0.63	−0.14 ± 0.56	−2.86	<0.005
Δ HDL, cholesterol (mmol/l)	0.10 ± 0.26	0.12 ± 0.17	0.28	0.78
Δ LDL, cholesterol (mmol/l)	0.14 ± 0.67	−0.18 ± 0.68	2.33	<0.02
Δ HOMA	−0.54 ± 2.85	0.02 ± 1.75	1.11	0.27
Δ Leptin (ng/ml)	−8.72 ± 8.82	−7.98 ± 10.40	0.38	0.71
Δ Insulin (pmol/l)	−17.29 ± 94.31	−0.35 ± 58.62	1.01	0.31
Δ Adiponectin (ng/ml)	2.96 ± 12.67	1.67 ± 8.69	−0.56	0.58
Δ FGF21 (pg/ml)	−85.42 ± 94.43	−51.67 ± 69.17	−1.68	0.09
Δ Satiety responsiveness	1.06 ± 3.93	1.48 ± 5.14	0.45	0.66
Δ Fussiness	−0.64 ± 3.96	0.71 ± 3.73	1.68	0.10
Δ Food responsiveness	−3.31 ± 3.79	−2.79 ± 4.89	0.58	0.56
Δ Enjoyment of food	−1.67 ± 3.27	−1.69 ± 3.02	−0.03	0.98
Δ Desire to drink	−0.90 ± 3.30	−0.45 ± 3.28	0.66	0.51
Δ Emotional undereating	−0.39 ± 1.84	−0.41 ± 1.61	−0.06	0.96
Δ Emotional overeating	−0.83 ± 2.68	−0.62 ± 3.30	0.34	0.74

L-CHO Low-carbohydrate diet, L-F Low-fat diet, BMI Body mass index, WHR Waist-Height Ratio, HDL High density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein, FGF21 Fibroblast growth factor 21

ISSN: 1743-7075