Fig. 2

Oral glucose tolerance test of rats fed diets differing in carbohydrate source and calcium content. Symbols and bars show means ± SEMs. AUC–area under the curve, AIN125–rats fed AIN-93G diet containing 125 mmol Ca²⁺/kg, FRU125–rats fed fructose-based diet containing 125 mmol Ca²⁺/kg, AIN25–rats fed AIN-93G diet containing 25 mmol Ca²⁺/kg, FRU25–rats fed fructose-based diet containing 25 mmol Ca²⁺/kg; groups sharing the same letter did not differ from each other. Changes in plasma insulin levels (a): *Diet Calcium × Time, p < 0.001; # - Diet Carbohydrate × Time, p < 0.001. Insulin AUC (b): Diet Carbohydrate x Diet Calcium, p ≤ 0.05. Changes in plasma glucose levels (c): 0 no differences; 15: AIN125^a, FRU125^b, AIN25^a, FRU25^ab; 30: AIN125^a, FRU125^b, AIN25^a, FRU25^a; 60: AIN125^a, FRU125^ab, AIN25b^ab, FRU25^abc; 120: AIN125^ab, FRU125^ab, AIN25^a, FRU25^ab; Glucose AUC (d): There were no differences between individual means. Diet Carbohydrate (p < 0.001) and Diet Calcium (p ≤ 0.05) independently affected the glucose AUC