Effects of low-stearate palm oil and high-stearate lard high-fat diets on rat liver lipid metabolism and glucose tolerance

Table 2 Oxygen consumption rates in isolated liver mitochondria oxidizing different substrates in different metabolic states

	CON (n = 9)	HFP (n = 9)	HFL (n = 9)
Pyruvate + malate (nmol O₂ ∙min^-1∙mg protein^-1)
State 3	112 ± 7	143 ± 17	110 ± 11
State 4	18 ± 1	33 ± 7	19 ± 2
RCR	5.1 ± 0.5	5.1 ± 0.5	5.8 ± 0.7
Palmitoyl-L-carnitine + malate (nmol O₂∙ min^-1∙mg protein^-1)
State 3	162 ± 18	232 ± 22 *	193 ± 10
State 4	27 ± 3	30 ± 3	27 ± 3
RCR	6.0 ± 0.3	7.8 ± 1.2	7.9 ± 1.4
Palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine + malate (nmol O₂ ∙min^-1∙mg protein^-1)
State 3	134 ± 20	205 ± 18 *	151 ± 15
State 4	27 ± 5	26 ± 4	31 ± 7
RCR	4.6 ± 0.5	7.0 ± 0.8 *	4.7 ± 0.4 †

Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. CON, normal chow control diet; HFP, high-fat palm oil diet; HFL, high-fat lard diet; state 3, maximal ADP-stimulated oxygen consumption; state 4, basal oxygen consumption; RCR, respiratory control ratio. * p < 0.05 vs. CON; † p < 0.05 vs. HFP

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