Associations among the plasma amino acid profile, obesity, and glucose metabolism in Japanese adults with normal glucose tolerance

Table 1 Somatometric measurements and the results of 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and magnetic resonance imaging

	Overall (n = 83)	Obese (n = 10)	Nonobese (n = 73)	p values ^a	Visceral obesity (n = 18)	Nonvisceral obesity (n = 65)	p values^b
Gender (male/female)	66/17	10/0	56/17	0.114	18/0	48/17	0.017
Age (years)	34.0 ± 5.7	35.2 ± 3.8	33.8 ± 5.9	0.487	37.1 ± 7.0	33.2 ± 5.0	0.009
Somatometric measurements
Body weight (kg)	65.5 ± 9.9	79.5 ± 8.5	63.5 ± 8.5	<0.001	72.0 ± 8.2	63.7 ± 9.6	0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	22.5 ± 2.4	26.7 ± 2.3	21.9 ± 1.8	<0.001	24.1 ± 2.6	22.0 ± 2.2	0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	78.8 ± 7.2	88.9 ± 5.8	77.4 ± 6.2	<0.001	84.8 ± 6.7	77.2 ± 6.4	<0.001
75 g-oral glucose tolerance test
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)	91.7 ± 8.1	100.7 ± 5.2	90.4 ± 7.6	<0.001	91.9 ± 9.4	91.6 ± 7.7	0.868
2-h plasma glucose (mg/dl)	104.3 ± 16.1	110.3 ± 17.2	103.4 ± 15.9	0.209	108.1 ± 19.2	103.2 ± 15.1	0.255
Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)	1.2 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 1.6	1.1 ± 0.5	<0.001	1.5 ± 1.3	1.2 ± 0.6	0.067
Insulin sensitivity (OGIS)	446.6 ± 47.1	394.0 ± 52.0	453.8 ± 41.8	<0.001	436.6 ± 65.4	449.4 ± 40.9	0.312
Insulin secretion (HOMA-β)	71.3 ± 37.8	78.8 ± 53.6	70.3 ± 35.4	0.507	82.4 ± 45.7	68.2 ± 35.0	0.159
Insulin secretion (II)^c	0.3 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.4	0.3 ± 0.1	<0.001	0.4 ± 0.4	0.3 ± 0.1	0.004
Magnetic resonance imaging-derived fat area
Visceral fat area (cm²)	77.1 ± 34.3	88.0 ± 39.2	75.6 ± 33.6	0.285	127.6 ± 27.1	63.1 ± 19.8	<0.001
Subcutaneous fat area (cm²)	122.9 ± 42.5	176.8 ± 51.2	115.5 ± 35.6	<0.001	136.4 ± 43.5	119.2 ± 41.8	0.129

Data are mean ± SD. obese: BMI ≥ 25, nonobese: BMI < 25; visceral obesity: visceral fat area ≥ 100 cm², nonvisceral obesity: visceral fat area < 100 cm²
HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; II, insulinogenic index; OGIS, oral glucose insulin sensitivity. ^aobese vs nonobese, ^bVisceral obesity vs Nonvisceral obesity, ^c n = 81 (Data set from 2 subjects were excluded due to unphysiological glucose/insulin levels. Bold numbers indicate significant differences between the two groups with p <0.05

ISSN: 1743-7075