Table 4 Evolution of inflammatory and oxidative parameters during the study

M0

Ctr

Ctr

Plasmatic parameters

 TNFα (pg/mL)

37.30 ± 13.68

1.91 ± 0.4

 TAOC (mmol/L trolox equivalent)

10.51 ± 0.29

100 ± 22.9

 Lipids peroxidation (μmol/L TBARS)

20.6 ± 3.2

0.97 ± 0.003

0.272 ± 0.03

23 ± 0.8

M2

ND

HF

HFD

HFHF

Plasmatic parameters

 TNFα (pg/mL)

23.23 ± 7.82

13.63 ± 3.52

49.03 ± 20.06

13.84 ± 5.46

 TAOC (mmol/L trolox equivalent)

7.64 ± 0.15

7.93 ± 0.16

7.58 ± 0.45

8.32 ± 0.25

 Lipids peroxidation (μmol/L TBARS)

19.4 ± 2.0

41.9 ± 10.5

26.5 ± 5.3

43.3 ± 13.1

Hepatic parameters

 Macrophages (% of area)

4.34 ± 1.1

2.88 ± 1.2

2.58 ± 0.8

4.10 ± 2.1

 Oxidative stress (% vs. age-matched ND)

100 ± 11.4

108.1 ± 17.7

168.2 ± 17.3*

151 ± 17.9*

 SOD activity (% inhibition rate)

1.15 ± 0.13

0.99 ± 0.008

1.17 ± 0.09

1.08 ± 0.07

 Catalase activity (μmol/L)

0.243 ± 0.03

0.187 ± 0.02

0.283 ± 0.04

0.257 ± 0.02

 Lipids peroxidation (μmol/L TBARS)

20.4 ± 1.1

23.9 ± 0.1**

19.4 ± 0.7

18 ± 1.4

M8

ND

HF

HFD

HFHF

Plasmatic parameters

 TNFα (pg/mL)

25.63 ± 7.57

48.90 ± 9.74

97.98 ± 28.42*

130.7 ± 40.68***

 TAOC (mmol/L trolox equivalent)

11.07 ± 0.08

11.24 ± 0.19

10.96 ± 0.09

11.10 ± 0.27

 Lipids peroxidation (μmol/L TBARS)

20.1 ± 2.5

22.5 ± 3.3

38.8 ± 3.8**

48.0 ± 6.3*

Hepatic parameters

 Macrophages (% of area)

2.20 ± 1.5

2.37 ± 1.1

5.99 ± 1.9

11.26 ± 2.4** ^a

 Oxidative stress (% vs. age-matched ND)

100 ± 6.3

110.2 ± 21.5

149.2 ± 15.3

206 ± 29.1** ^a

 SOD activity (% inhibition rate)

1.09 ± 0.04

0.94 ± 0.08

1.13 ± 0.14

1.17 ± 0.16

 Catalase activity (μmol/L)

0.246 ± 0.03

0.120 ± 0.03**

0.207 ± 0.03

0.232 ± 0.01

 Lipids peroxidation (μmol/L TBARS)

18 ± 1.2

15.7 ± 2.0

18.9 ± 2.1

16.5 ± 1.1