From: Reappraisal of waist circumference cutoff value according to general obesity
Men | Non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) | Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | ||||
WC < 84 cm | WC 84~90 cm (intermediate) | WC ≥ 90 cm | WC < 90 cm | WC 90~93 cm (intermediate) | WC ≥ 93 cm | |
N | 839 | 347 | 56 | 398 | 166 | 309 |
Age (years) | 55.2 ± 10.8 | 57.5 ± 10.1 | 60.5 ± 9.1*, ** | 52.9 ± 10.0 | 53.6 ± 11.1 | 55.1 ± 12.7 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 1.8 | 23.8 ± 0.9* | 24.2 ± 0.7* | 26.2 ± 1.0 | 27.0 ± 1.2* | 28.8 ± 2.6*, ** |
Waist circumference (cm) | 78.5 ± 4.6 | 86.9 ± 1.7* | 92.7 ± 2.0*, ** | 87.1 ± 2.5 | 92.0 ± 0.8* | 98.5 ± 5.0*, ** |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 128.5 ± 17.6 | 133.3 ± 16.9* | 139.4 ± 17.7*, ** | 134.3 ± 16.6 | 135.0 ± 15.1 | 138.1 ± 15.3*, ** |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 83.1 ± 11.0 | 86.4 ± 10.9* | 89.7 ± 11.9*, ** | 88.6 ± 11.2 | 89.0 ± 10.2 | 89.9 ± 11.6 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 163.2 ± 67.3 | 158.7 ± 53.2 | 145.8 ± 47.0 | 151.8 ± 49.9 | 149.2 ± 47.7 | 152.5 ± 53.3 |
HbA1C (%) | 8.5 ± 2.3 | 8.3 ± 1.8 | 7.9 ± 1.1 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 8.2 ± 1.9 |
HbA1C (mmol/mol) | 69 ± 25 | 67 ± 20 | 63 ± 12 | 64 ± 19 | 63 ± 15 | 66 ± 21 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 186.5 ± 39.7 | 189.2 ± 34.8 | 193.5 ± 44.7 | 185.9 ± 37.9 | 185.8 ± 35.8 | 190.2 ± 36.5 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 117.8 ± 71.8 | 153.8 ± 83.2* | 164.2 ± 92.5* | 154.7 ± 84.6 | 151.9 ± 69.4 | 162.3 ± 71.1 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.8 ± 14.1 | 46.4 ± 12.1* | 45.4 ± 13.2* | 45.5 ± 10.7 | 46.0 ± 10.5 | 44.8 ± 10.8 |
C-IMT (mm) | 0.85 ± 0.19 | 0.88 ± 0.20 | 0.91 ± 0.20* | 0.84 ± 0.18 | 0.86 ± 0.19 | 0.89 ± 0.19* |
Diabetes duration (year) | 8.8 ± 8.1 | 8.6 ± 7.7 | 8.4 ± 7.2 | 6.8 ± 6.4 | 6.8 ± 7.0 | 6.5 ± 7.2 |
Atherosclerosis (%) | 362 (43.1) | 156 (45.0) | 25 (44.6) | 175 (44.0) | 81 (48.8) | 156 (50.5) |
Anti-hypertensive medication (%) | 179 (21.3) | 94 (27.1) | 22 (39.3)*** | 110 (27.6) | 61 (36.7) | 120 (38.8)*** |
Statin (%) | 59 (7.0) | 36 (10.4) | 6 (10.7) | 41 (10.3) | 23 (13.9) | 45 (14.6) |
Women | Non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) | Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | ||||
WC < 76 cm | WC 76~80 cm (intermediate) | WC ≥ 80 cm | WC < 80 cm | WC 80~87 cm (intermediate) | WC ≥ 87 cm | |
N | 506 | 242 | 218 | 69 | 267 | 273 |
Age (years) | 57.0 ± 9.5 | 59.3 ± 9.5* | 60.2 ± 7.8* | 57.9 ± 10.8 | 58.9 ± 9.5 | 59.8 ± 9.0 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.3 ± 1.9 | 23.1 ± 1.1* | 23.8 ± 0.9*, ** | 26.1 ± 1.1 | 27.0 ± 1.3* | 29.2 ± 2.8*, ** |
Waist circumference (cm) | 71.4 ± 4.3 | 78.4 ± 1.1* | 83.9 ± 2.6*, ** | 78.6 ± 1.7 | 84.4 ± 1.9* | 92.7 ± 4.6*, ** |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 131.6 ± 19.3 | 137.0 ± 17.1* | 138.6 ± 19.9* | 138.7 ± 15.6 | 139.3 ± 17.8 | 142.8 ± 18.9 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 81.7 ± 11.4 | 84.3 ± 10.0* | 84.8 ± 11.3* | 85.5 ± 9.3 | 85.1 ± 10.8 | 87.9 ± 11.9 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 154.6 ± 64.0 | 157.1 ± 58.7 | 153.5 ± 53.7 | 143.1 ± 52.8 | 147.3 ± 51.1 | 153.0 ± 54.0 |
HbA1C (%) | 8.1 ± 2.1 | 8.3 ± 1.7 | 8.4 ± 1.7 | 7.8 ± 1.8 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 8.3 ± 1.6* |
HbA1C (mmol/mol) | 66 ± 23 | 67 ± 19 | 68 ± 19 | 62 ± 20 | 64 ± 19 | 67 ± 18* |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.4 ± 39.4 | 200.4 ± 41.4* | 202.4 ± 37.1* | 197.0 ± 34.5 | 202.4 ± 39.4 | 203.4 ± 38.5 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 111.0 ± 63.4 | 146.7 ± 79.3* | 153.0 ± 78.4* | 129.2 ± 54.5 | 147.3 ± 73.6 | 161.4 ± 73.3* |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 58.0 ± 14.7 | 52.7 ± 13.0* | 51.8 ± 12.8* | 50.3 ± 11.9 | 51.7 ± 11.5 | 48.9 ± 12.7 |
C-IMT (mm) | 0.80 ± 0.18 | 0.83 ± 0.16* | 0.85 ± 0.17* | 0.82 ± 0.17 | 0.85 ± 0.19 | 0.86 ± 0.17 |
Diabetes duration (year) | 8.5 ± 7.2 | 8.8 ± 7.1 | 9.4 ± 7.2 | 6.3 ± 6.6 | 7.3 ± 6.8 | 7.8 ± 6.9 |
Atherosclerosis (%) | 214 (42.3) | 116 (47.9) | 107 (49.1) | 34 (49.3) | 132 (49.4) | 144 (52.7) |
Anti-hypertensive medication (%) | 130 (25.7) | 94 (38.8) | 79 (36.2)*** | 23 (33.3) | 100 (37.5) | 126 (46.2)*** |
Statin (%) | 67 (13.2) | 40 (16.5) | 36 (16.5) | 9 (13.0) | 35 (13.1) | 42 (15.4) |