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Table 3 Clinical characteristics of diabetic patients according to sex, waist circumference (WC) and BMI

From: Reappraisal of waist circumference cutoff value according to general obesity

Men

Non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2)

Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2)

WC < 84 cm

WC 84~90 cm (intermediate)

WC ≥ 90 cm

WC < 90 cm

WC 90~93 cm (intermediate)

WC ≥ 93 cm

N

839

347

56

398

166

309

Age (years)

55.2 ± 10.8

57.5 ± 10.1

60.5 ± 9.1*, **

52.9 ± 10.0

53.6 ± 11.1

55.1 ± 12.7

Body mass index (kg/m2)

22.1 ± 1.8

23.8 ± 0.9*

24.2 ± 0.7*

26.2 ± 1.0

27.0 ± 1.2*

28.8 ± 2.6*, **

Waist circumference (cm)

78.5 ± 4.6

86.9 ± 1.7*

92.7 ± 2.0*, **

87.1 ± 2.5

92.0 ± 0.8*

98.5 ± 5.0*, **

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

128.5 ± 17.6

133.3 ± 16.9*

139.4 ± 17.7*, **

134.3 ± 16.6

135.0 ± 15.1

138.1 ± 15.3*, **

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

83.1 ± 11.0

86.4 ± 10.9*

89.7 ± 11.9*, **

88.6 ± 11.2

89.0 ± 10.2

89.9 ± 11.6

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

163.2 ± 67.3

158.7 ± 53.2

145.8 ± 47.0

151.8 ± 49.9

149.2 ± 47.7

152.5 ± 53.3

HbA1C (%)

8.5 ± 2.3

8.3 ± 1.8

7.9 ± 1.1

8.0 ± 1.7

7.9 ± 1.4

8.2 ± 1.9

HbA1C (mmol/mol)

69 ± 25

67 ± 20

63 ± 12

64 ± 19

63 ± 15

66 ± 21

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

186.5 ± 39.7

189.2 ± 34.8

193.5 ± 44.7

185.9 ± 37.9

185.8 ± 35.8

190.2 ± 36.5

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

117.8 ± 71.8

153.8 ± 83.2*

164.2 ± 92.5*

154.7 ± 84.6

151.9 ± 69.4

162.3 ± 71.1

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

51.8 ± 14.1

46.4 ± 12.1*

45.4 ± 13.2*

45.5 ± 10.7

46.0 ± 10.5

44.8 ± 10.8

C-IMT (mm)

0.85 ± 0.19

0.88 ± 0.20

0.91 ± 0.20*

0.84 ± 0.18

0.86 ± 0.19

0.89 ± 0.19*

Diabetes duration (year)

8.8 ± 8.1

8.6 ± 7.7

8.4 ± 7.2

6.8 ± 6.4

6.8 ± 7.0

6.5 ± 7.2

Atherosclerosis (%)

362 (43.1)

156 (45.0)

25 (44.6)

175 (44.0)

81 (48.8)

156 (50.5)

Anti-hypertensive medication (%)

179 (21.3)

94 (27.1)

22 (39.3)***

110 (27.6)

61 (36.7)

120 (38.8)***

Statin (%)

59 (7.0)

36 (10.4)

6 (10.7)

41 (10.3)

23 (13.9)

45 (14.6)

Women

Non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2)

Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2)

WC < 76 cm

WC 76~80 cm (intermediate)

WC ≥ 80 cm

WC < 80 cm

WC 80~87 cm (intermediate)

WC ≥ 87 cm

N

506

242

218

69

267

273

Age (years)

57.0 ± 9.5

59.3 ± 9.5*

60.2 ± 7.8*

57.9 ± 10.8

58.9 ± 9.5

59.8 ± 9.0

Body mass index (kg/m2)

21.3 ± 1.9

23.1 ± 1.1*

23.8 ± 0.9*, **

26.1 ± 1.1

27.0 ± 1.3*

29.2 ± 2.8*, **

Waist circumference (cm)

71.4 ± 4.3

78.4 ± 1.1*

83.9 ± 2.6*, **

78.6 ± 1.7

84.4 ± 1.9*

92.7 ± 4.6*, **

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

131.6 ± 19.3

137.0 ± 17.1*

138.6 ± 19.9*

138.7 ± 15.6

139.3 ± 17.8

142.8 ± 18.9

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

81.7 ± 11.4

84.3 ± 10.0*

84.8 ± 11.3*

85.5 ± 9.3

85.1 ± 10.8

87.9 ± 11.9

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

154.6 ± 64.0

157.1 ± 58.7

153.5 ± 53.7

143.1 ± 52.8

147.3 ± 51.1

153.0 ± 54.0

HbA1C (%)

8.1 ± 2.1

8.3 ± 1.7

8.4 ± 1.7

7.8 ± 1.8

8.0 ± 1.7

8.3 ± 1.6*

HbA1C (mmol/mol)

66 ± 23

67 ± 19

68 ± 19

62 ± 20

64 ± 19

67 ± 18*

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

192.4 ± 39.4

200.4 ± 41.4*

202.4 ± 37.1*

197.0 ± 34.5

202.4 ± 39.4

203.4 ± 38.5

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

111.0 ± 63.4

146.7 ± 79.3*

153.0 ± 78.4*

129.2 ± 54.5

147.3 ± 73.6

161.4 ± 73.3*

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

58.0 ± 14.7

52.7 ± 13.0*

51.8 ± 12.8*

50.3 ± 11.9

51.7 ± 11.5

48.9 ± 12.7

C-IMT (mm)

0.80 ± 0.18

0.83 ± 0.16*

0.85 ± 0.17*

0.82 ± 0.17

0.85 ± 0.19

0.86 ± 0.17

Diabetes duration (year)

8.5 ± 7.2

8.8 ± 7.1

9.4 ± 7.2

6.3 ± 6.6

7.3 ± 6.8

7.8 ± 6.9

Atherosclerosis (%)

214 (42.3)

116 (47.9)

107 (49.1)

34 (49.3)

132 (49.4)

144 (52.7)

Anti-hypertensive medication (%)

130 (25.7)

94 (38.8)

79 (36.2)***

23 (33.3)

100 (37.5)

126 (46.2)***

Statin (%)

67 (13.2)

40 (16.5)

36 (16.5)

9 (13.0)

35 (13.1)

42 (15.4)

  1. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or number
  2. HDL high-density lipoprotein; C-IMT mean carotid artery intima-media thickness
  3. * P<0.05 vs. Group with WC of < 84/76 cm for non-obese men/women or group with WC of < 90/80 cm for obese men/women
  4. ** P<0.05 vs. Intermediate group
  5. *** P<0.05