Fig. 6From: Apple polyphenol extract improves insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo in animal models of insulin resistance Analysis of APE effects on the signaling pathways involved in GLUT4 translocation in L6 myotubes. a Cells were pre-incubated with inhibitors of PI3K (100 nmol/L wortmanin), ERK1/2 (30 μmol/L PD98059) and PPARγ (10 μmol/L GW9662) and then incubated in the absence or presence of 25 μg/mL APE for 2 h. Next, 2-DG uptake was determined. b, c L6 myotubes were deprived of FBS for 18 h and then incubated with 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone (ROS) or 25 μg/mL APE for 30 min. Akt phosphorylation b in cell lysates, and PPARγ levels c in nuclear extracts were measured. d CHO-k1 cells were deprived of FBS for 18 h and then incubated with 10 μmol/L ROS or 25 μg/mL APE for 4 h. PPARγ 1/2 mediated transcription was measured. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of five independent experiments. (a) p < 0.05 compared with control non-treated cellsBack to article page