Advertisement
Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants in the discovery stage
| Variables | MUCO | MHPO | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.5 ± 4.8 | 43.4 ± 11.7 | 0.154 |
| Sex(F/M) | 6/4 | 8/2 | 0.628a |
| Anthropometry | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.8 ± 1.6 | 32.2 ± 2.1 | 0.661 |
| Waist Circumference(cm) | 107.6 ± 7.1 | 88.5 ± 18.2 | 0.004 |
| BF % | 36.4 ± 8.6 | 42.4 ± 10.8 | 0.189 |
| TF % | 41.7 ± 7.1 | 45.3 ± 9.5 | 0.343 |
| AF% | 48.8 ± 6.5 | 51.1 ± 8.6 | 0.520 |
| Visceral fat (g) | 1885.4 ± 369.2 | 1087.2 ± 663.2 | 0.004 |
| VF% | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 0.000 |
| Metabolic Profile | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.9 ± 10.7 | 127.0 ± 20.3 | 0.650 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 88.6 ± 5.9 | 85.6 ± 10.8 | 0.318 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.025 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.1 ± 2.0 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 281.9 ± 343.8 | 54.8 ± 22.1 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 14.7 ± 22.3 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Diet and Physical Activity | |||
| Caloric intake (kcal/day) | 2057.3 ± 1093.9 | 1852. 0 ± 846.5 | 0.662 |
| Protein intake (g/day) | 91.0 ± 80.7 | 72.6 ± 22.5 | 0.591 |
| FAT intake (g/day) | 59.4 ± 29.4 | 54.5 ± 37.6 | 0.762 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 277.1 ± 160.6 | 271.2 ± 147.5 | 0.936 |
| Physical activity level | 7.8 ± 1.3 | 7.7 ± 1.8 | 0.875 |
