Serum metabolic biomarkers distinguish metabolically healthy peripherally obese from unhealthy centrally obese individuals

Table 3 The variable importance in the projection (VIP) values^a and p values of identified metabolites between MHPO and MUCO groups in the discovery stage (VIP > 1, p-value < 0.05)

Metabolites	VIP value	P-value	Metabolites	VIP value	P-value
Hexoses	1.87725	0.000157^*	C4:1	1.55489	0.010843
Tyrosine	1.95689	0.000507^*	C10:2	1.55734	0.012379
Leucine	2.00158	0.000669^*	C6(C4:1-DC)	1.16246	0.015448
Isoleucine	1.91919	0.000881^*	C0	1.26561	0.015564
Valine	1.93636	0.000881^*	C6:1	1.36558	0.018482
Phenylalanine	1.78606	0.003197^*	C16-OH	1.61161	0.024043
Lysine	1.51144	0.008151	C5-DC(C6-OH)	1.30387	0.027184
Histidine	1.55651	0.015564	C16	1.20206	0.033822
Methionine	1.55505	0.015526	C10:1	1.2771	0.041174
Alanine	1.47744	0.019110	C3-DC(C4-OH)	1.0104	0.049025
Proline	1.37059	0.023342	PC aa C40:2	1.30675	0.041250
Glutamine	1.42081	0.041250	PC ae C38:4	1.37446	0.019110
alphaAAA	1.72871	0.001152^*	PC ae C342	1.11563	0.025692
MetSO	1.57108	0.007564^*	PC ae C36:4	1.18682	0.028366
Kynurenine	1.41756	0.028366	PC ae C38:5	1.25626	0.034294
Sarcosine	1.3291	0.028366	PC ae C42:0	1.13183	0.041250
C3	1.53624	0.003299^*	PC ae C36:3	1.15062	0.049366
C4	1.45988	0.006502	PC ae C38:6	1.15541	0.049366
C5:1	1.45929	0.008849	lysoPC a C28:1	1.22246	0.049366
C5	1.44608	0.009056

^aHigher VIP values indicate a stronger influence of the metabolite in distinguishing different groups. Kruskal-Wallis test set to p < 0.05. MUCO metabolically unhealthy central obesity; MHPO metabolically healthy peripheral obesity; Hexose (mainly glucose); alphaAAA, alpha-Aminoadipic acid; Met-SO, Methioninesulfoxide. Asterisk (*) marks statistical significance after Bonferroni correction

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