Clinical and biochemical parameters | Type 2 diabetic subjects (T2DM) | Normal glucose tolerance subjects (NGT) | P value* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Men | Women | ||
(N = 407) | (N = 327) | (N = 509) | (N = 375) | ||
Age (yrs) | 49.59 ± 10.49 | 50.74 ± 11.47 | 36.25 ± 11.21 | 36.54 ± 11.70 | <0.0001 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.33 ± 4.37 | 24.49 ± 3.94 | 23.57 ± 5.09 | 22.74 ± 4.25 | <0.0001 |
WC (cm) | 90.08 ± 9.95 | 92.11 ± 9.93 | 80.76 ± 12.43 | 83.81 ± 11.85 | <0.0001 |
Obese cases (%) | 243.00 (60.00) | 139.00 (42.50) | 179.00 (35.20) | 110.00 (29.40) | <0.0001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 165.42 ± 73.22 | 155.71 ± 61.52 | 84.47 ± 8.36 | 84.71 ± 8.14 | <0.0001 |
Fasting serum insulin (μIU/ml) | 12.68 ± 7.62 | 10.61 ± 6.95 | 8.48 ± 5.98 | 7.48 ± 4.88 | <0.0001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.91 ± 21.82 | 128.11 ± 21.72 | 114.25 ± 17.54 | 116.25 ± 15.60 | <0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.54 ± 12.07 | 78.03 ± 11.73 | 71.25 ± 11.38 | 74.28 ± 11.52 | <0.0001 |
Total serum cholesterol (mg/dl) | 209.21 ± 43.71 | 193.66 ± 39.34 | 173.35 ± 35.15 | 171.99 ± 35.91 | <0.0001 |
Fasting serum triglycerides (mg/dl) | 179.10 ± 118.48 | 189.25 ± 145.81 | 100.88 ± 53.71 | 123.67 ± 70.97 | <0.0001 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 43.68 ± 9.76 | 39.05 ± 8.66 | 45.47 ± 9.80 | 40.10 ± 9.49 | <0.0001 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 131.76 ± 36.19 | 120.93 ± 33.66 | 107.90 ± 30.17 | 107.47 ± 29.78 | <0.0001 |
Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) | 8.65 ± 2.39 | 8.76 ± 2.32 | 5.54 ± 0.50 | 5.55 ± 0.49 | <0.0001 |
PAL [Sedentary (%); Moderate (%); Vigorous (%)] | 263 (77.10); 76 (22.30); 2 (0.60) | 193 (46.80); 60 (20.10); 45 (15.10) | 362 (80.80); 80 (17.90); 6 (1.30) | 240 (64.70); 112 (30.20); 19 (5.10) | 0.001 |
Total Carbohydrate energy % | 65.50 ± 5.43 | 64.08 ± 6.27 | 64.60 ± 5.89 | 63.09 ± 6.84 | 0.003 |
Fat energy % | 23.23 ± 4.51 | 23.58 ± 4.76 | 23.81 ± 4.79 | 23.88 ± 4.65 | 0.05 |
Protein energy % | 11.47 ± 1.20 | 11.43 ± 1.25 | 11.25 ± 1.12 | 11.35 ± 1.25 | 0.009 |
Energy adjusted glycemic index | 62.76 ± 0.14 | 62.16 ± 0.18 | 62.94 ± 0.12 | 62.65 ± 0.14 | 0.02 |
Energy adjusted glycemic load | 233.52 ± 1.64 | 226.12 ± 2.40 | 231.63 ± 1.74 | 224.32 ± 0.36 | 0.41 |
Dietary fibre (g) | 28.62 ± 0.54 | 34.91 ± 0.69 | 29.84 ± 0.42 | 35.73 ± 0.56 | 0.10 |