Table 2 Mean daily nutrient intake of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and those without retinopathy (no DR)
Nutrient intake | No DR (n = 148) | DR (n = 146) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
Energy intake (kcal) | 2198 (581) | 2088 (581) | 0.105 |
Protein (g) | 108.3 (30.1) | 107.1 (37.4) | 0.776 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 232 (76) | 222.1 (79.6) | 0.275 |
Fibre (g) | 28.3 (8) | 26.3 (7.4) | 0.032 |
Total fat (g) | 92 (27) | 85.7 (28.8) | 0.054 |
Saturated fatty acids (g) | 25.2 (9) | 23.1 (10) | 0.052 |
Monounsaturated fatty acids (g) | 43.6 (12.8) | 39.9 (14.2) | 0.018 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g) | 16.1 (7.0) | 16 (7.7) | 0.842 |
Omega 3 (g) | 1.77 (0.71) | 1.78 (1.05) | 0.921 |
Omega 6 (g) | 14.2 (6.6) | 14 (7.2) | 0.817 |
Trans fat (g) | 1.13 (0.94) | 1.05 (0.97) | 0.503 |
Palmitic acid (g) | 15.1 (4.7) | 13.9 (5.2) | 0.043 |
Stearic acid (g) | 5.92 (2.16) | 5.49 (2.83) | 0.145 |
Oleic acid (g) | 41.2 (12.2) | 37.5 (13.5) | 0.016 |
Linoleic acid (g) | 14.1 (6.6) | 13.9 (7.2) | 0.813 |