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Table 6 Associations of obesity (based on different obesity indices) with hypertension and insulin resistance layered by I/D genotypes

From: Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism association with obesity and some related disorders in Egyptian females: a case-control observational study

Polymorph

Obesity

Hypertension

Insulin resistance

Hypertensive

Normotensive

Resistant

Sensitive

DD

Large WHR (37)

23 (62.2 %)

14 (37.8 %)

30 (81.1 %)

7 (18.9 %)

Normal WHR (13)

5 (38.5 %)

8 (61.5 %)

9 (69.2 %)

4 (30.8 %)

 

χ 2 = 2.19, p = 0.14

Fisher's exact: p = 0.45

I-carriers

Large WHR (18)

11 (61.1 %)

7 (38.9 %)

14 (77.8 %)

4 (22.2 %)

Normal WHR (12)

1 (8.3 %)

11 (91.7 %)

9 (75.0 %)

3 (25.0 %)

 

Fisher's exact: p = 0.007*

OR = 17.29, CI = 1.81–164.96

Fisher's exact: p = 1.00

DD

Large C-index (32)

19 (59.4 %)

13 (40.6 %)

25 (78.1 %)

7 (21.9 %)

Normal C-index (18)

9 (50.0 %)

9 (50.0 %)

14 (77.8 %)

4 (22.2 %)

 

χ 2 = 0.41, p = 0.52

Fisher's exact: p = 1.00

I-carriers

Large C-index (12)

8 (66.7 %)

4 (33.3 %)

9 (75.0 %)

3 (25.0 %)

Normal C-index (18)

4 (22.2 %)

14 (77.8 %)

14 (77.8 %)

4 (22.2 %)

 

Fisher's exact: p = 0.024*

OR = 7.00, CI = 1.36–35.93

Fisher's exact: p = 1.00

DD

Obese BMI (33)

19 (57.6 %)

14 (42.4 %)

31 (91.2 %)

3 (8.8 %)

Normal BMI (17)

9 (52.9 %)

8 (47.1 %)

8 (50.0 %)

8 (50.0 %)

 

χ 2 = 0.10, p = 0.75

Fisher's exact: p = 0.004*

OR = 8.89, CI = 1.94–40.71

I-carriers

Obese BMI (18)

9 (50.0 %)

9 (50.0 %)

15 (83.3 %)

3 (16.7 %)

Normal BMI (12)

3 (25.0 %)

9 (75.0 %)

8 (66.7 %)

4 (33.3 %)

 

Fisher's exact: p = 0.26

Fisher's exact: p = 0.39

DD

Large WC (37)

23 (62.2 %)

14 (40.0 %)

33 (89.2 %)

4 (10.8 %)

Normal WC (13)

5 (38.5 %)

8 (53.3 %)

6 (46.2 %)

7 (53.8 %)

 

χ 2 = 2.19, p = 0.14

Fisher's exact: p = 0.003*

OR = 9.63, CI = 2.14–43.36

I-carriers

Large WC (20)

10 (50.0 %)

10 (50.0 %)

17 (85.0 %)

3 (15.0 %)

Normal WC (10)

2 (20.0 %)

8 (80.0 %)

6 (60.0 %)

5 (40.0 %)

 

Fisher's exact: p = 0.24

Fisher's exact: p = 0.18

DD

Large WHtR (43)

25 (58.1 %)

18 (41.9 %)

36 (83.7 %)

7 (16.3 %)

Normal WHtR (7)

3 (42.9 %)

4 (57.1 %)

3 (42.9 %)

4 (57.1 %)

 

Fisher's exact: p = 0.68

Fisher's exact: p = 0.034*

OR = 6.86, CI = 1.25–37.61

I-carriers

Large WHtR (26)

12 (46.2 %)

14 (53.8 %)

19 (73.1 %)

7 (26.9 %)

Normal WHtR (4)

0 (0 %)

4 (100 %)

4 (100 %)

0 (0 %)

 

Fisher's exact: p = 0.13

Fisher's exact: p = 0.55

  1. Data are presented as number (percentage)
  2. *: significant difference at p < 0.05
  3. DD homozygous deletion genotype, I-carriers homozygous and heterozygous insertion genotypes, BMI: body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHtR waist/height ratio, WHR waist/hip ratio, C-index conicity index, χ 2 chi square, OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals