Group | Stab | 5’ rep | 15’ rep | 30’ rep | 45’ rep | 60’ rep | Number | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LVDP (mmHg) | wt ND | 101 ± 7 | 56 ± 13# | 63 ± 7# | 56 ± 4# | 54 ± 5# | 51 ± 4# | 8 |
wt HFD | 119 ± 8 | 94 ± 9# | 104 ± 8 | 95 ± 5* | 85 ± 5#,* | 74 ± 4# | 16 | |
Epac1−/− ND | 116 ± 4 | 72 ± 14# | 73 ± 7# | 75 ± 8# | 77 ± 11# | 71 ± 8# | 6 | |
Epac1−/− HFD | 122 ± 14 | 89 ± 23# | 81 ± 16# | 76 ± 15# | 82 ± 13# | 69 ± 11# | 6 | |
Epac2−/− ND | 101 ± 8 | 90 ± 8 | 92 ± 14 | 89 ± 12 | 87 ± 12 | 88 ± 13 | 6 | |
Epac2−/− HFD | 108 ± 7 | 81 ± 8 | 92 ± 12 | 91 ± 9 | 80 ± 8 | 78 ± 9 | 10 | |
HR (bpm) | wt ND | 255 ± 22 | 164 ± 28 | 173 ± 31 | 193 ± 29 | 204 ± 31 | 208 ± 27 | 8 |
wt HFD | 260 ± 20 | 215 ± 24 | 214 ± 24 | 196 ± 20$ | 195 ± 20 | 211 ± 24 | 16 | |
Epac1−/− ND | 268 ± 28 | 269 ± 44 | 271 ± 42 | 269 ± 45 | 272 ± 39 | 288 ± 39 | 6 | |
Epac1−/− HFD | 288 ± 24 | 259 ± 57 | 247 ± 38 | 254 ± 37 | 233 ± 43 | 244 ± 41 | 6 | |
Epac2−/− ND | 300 ± 39 | 313 ± 41 | 325 ± 60 | 338 ± 50 | 317 ± 51 | 315 ± 42 | 6 | |
Epac2−/− HFD | 316 ± 29 | 295 ± 33 | 280 ± 37 | 272 ± 27 | 288 ± 29 | 286 ± 27 | 10 | |
dP/dtmin (mmHg/s) | wt ND | −3926 ± 629 | −1287 ± 365# | −1549 ± 334# | −1511 ± 308# | −1642 ± 248# | −1954 ± 646# | 8 |
wt HFD | −4973 ± 363 | −2742 ± 237# | −3096 ± 298# | −3024 ± 265#* | −2804 ± 239# | −2501 ± 183# | 16 | |
Epac1−/− ND | −4342 ± 325 | −2378 ± 512# | −2408 ± 271# | −2464 ± 209# | −2458 ± 270# | −2457 ± 244# | 6 | |
Epac1−/− HFD | −4620 ± 691 | −2633 ± 664 | −2629 ± 553 | −2522 ± 632 | −2632 ± 539 | −2205 ± 464# | 6 | |
Epac2−/− ND | −4325 ± 159 | −3026 ± 342# | −2866 ± 298# | −3243 ± 260#* | −3106 ± 182# | −3284 ± 243# | 6 | |
Epac2−/− HFD | −5031 ± 715 | −2997 ± 659# | −3352 ± 601* | −3074 ± 390#* | −3037 ± 381#* | −2771 ± 327# | 10 | |
dP/dtmax (mmHg/s) | wt ND | 6327 ± 997 | 2701 ± 790# | 3149 ± 648# | 2717 ± 368# | 2635 ± 297# | 2465 ± 355# | 8 |
wt HFD | 7195 ± 846 | 4632 ± 451# | 5267 ± 549# | 4784 ± 404# | 4034 ± 353# | 3731 ± 276# $ | 16 | |
Epac1−/− ND | 7208 ± 923 | 3486 ± 848# | 3590 ± 490# | 3875 ± 541# | 3287 ± 445# | 3414 ± 426# | 6 | |
Epac1−/− HFD | 6522 ± 1226 | 4393 ± 1251 | 3916 ± 922 | 4038 ± 803 | 3844 ± 789 | 3377 ± 795 | 6 | |
Epac2−/− ND | 6958 ± 427 | 5586 ± 1082 | 5275 ± 865 | 5850 ± 310 | 4934 ± 363 | 6107 ± 275* | 6 | |
Epac2−/− HFD | 6808 ± 935 | 4452 ± 617 | 5198 ± 771 | 4742 ± 691 | 4418 ± 629 | 4262 ± 661 | 10 |