Long-term consumption of an obesogenic high fat diet prior to ischemia-reperfusion mediates cardioprotection via Epac1-dependent signaling

F. Edland; A. Wergeland; R. Kopperud; K. S. Åsrud; E. A. Hoivik; S. L. Witsø; R. Æsøy; L. Madsen; K. Kristiansen; M. Bakke; S. O. Døskeland; A. K. Jonassen

doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0147-1

Table 2 Hemodynamic parameters

From: Long-term consumption of an obesogenic high fat diet prior to ischemia-reperfusion mediates cardioprotection via Epac1-dependent signaling

	Group	Stab	5’ rep	15’ rep	30’ rep	45’ rep	60’ rep	Number
LVDP (mmHg)	wt ND	101 ± 7	56 ± 13^#	63 ± 7^#	56 ± 4^#	54 ± 5^#	51 ± 4^#	8
	wt HFD	119 ± 8	94 ± 9^#	104 ± 8	95 ± 5^*	85 ± 5^#,*	74 ± 4^#	16
	Epac1^−/− ND	116 ± 4	72 ± 14^#	73 ± 7^#	75 ± 8^#	77 ± 11^#	71 ± 8^#	6
	Epac1^−/− HFD	122 ± 14	89 ± 23^#	81 ± 16^#	76 ± 15^#	82 ± 13^#	69 ± 11^#	6
	Epac2^−/− ND	101 ± 8	90 ± 8	92 ± 14	89 ± 12	87 ± 12	88 ± 13	6
	Epac2^−/− HFD	108 ± 7	81 ± 8	92 ± 12	91 ± 9	80 ± 8	78 ± 9	10
HR (bpm)	wt ND	255 ± 22	164 ± 28	173 ± 31	193 ± 29	204 ± 31	208 ± 27	8
	wt HFD	260 ± 20	215 ± 24	214 ± 24	196 ± 20^$	195 ± 20	211 ± 24	16
	Epac1^−/− ND	268 ± 28	269 ± 44	271 ± 42	269 ± 45	272 ± 39	288 ± 39	6
	Epac1^−/− HFD	288 ± 24	259 ± 57	247 ± 38	254 ± 37	233 ± 43	244 ± 41	6
	Epac2^−/− ND	300 ± 39	313 ± 41	325 ± 60	338 ± 50	317 ± 51	315 ± 42	6
	Epac2^−/− HFD	316 ± 29	295 ± 33	280 ± 37	272 ± 27	288 ± 29	286 ± 27	10
dP/dt_min (mmHg/s)	wt ND	−3926 ± 629	−1287 ± 365^#	−1549 ± 334^#	−1511 ± 308^#	−1642 ± 248^#	−1954 ± 646^#	8
	wt HFD	−4973 ± 363	−2742 ± 237^#	−3096 ± 298^#	−3024 ± 265^#*	−2804 ± 239^#	−2501 ± 183^#	16
	Epac1^−/− ND	−4342 ± 325	−2378 ± 512^#	−2408 ± 271^#	−2464 ± 209^#	−2458 ± 270^#	−2457 ± 244^#	6
	Epac1^−/− HFD	−4620 ± 691	−2633 ± 664	−2629 ± 553	−2522 ± 632	−2632 ± 539	−2205 ± 464^#	6
	Epac2^−/− ND	−4325 ± 159	−3026 ± 342^#	−2866 ± 298^#	−3243 ± 260^#*	−3106 ± 182^#	−3284 ± 243^#	6
	Epac2^−/− HFD	−5031 ± 715	−2997 ± 659^#	−3352 ± 601^*	−3074 ± 390^#*	−3037 ± 381^#*	−2771 ± 327^#	10
dP/dt_max (mmHg/s)	wt ND	6327 ± 997	2701 ± 790^#	3149 ± 648^#	2717 ± 368^#	2635 ± 297^#	2465 ± 355^#	8
	wt HFD	7195 ± 846	4632 ± 451^#	5267 ± 549^#	4784 ± 404^#	4034 ± 353^#	3731 ± 276^# ^$	16
	Epac1^−/− ND	7208 ± 923	3486 ± 848^#	3590 ± 490^#	3875 ± 541^#	3287 ± 445^#	3414 ± 426^#	6
	Epac1^−/− HFD	6522 ± 1226	4393 ± 1251	3916 ± 922	4038 ± 803	3844 ± 789	3377 ± 795	6
	Epac2^−/− ND	6958 ± 427	5586 ± 1082	5275 ± 865	5850 ± 310	4934 ± 363	6107 ± 275^*	6
	Epac2^−/− HFD	6808 ± 935	4452 ± 617	5198 ± 771	4742 ± 691	4418 ± 629	4262 ± 661	10

^# p < 0.05 vs corresponding pre-ischemic stabilization value, ^* p < 0.05 vs. wt ND, ^$ p < 0.05 vs. Epac2^−/− ND

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