Fig. 2
From: Phytochemicals as novel agents for the induction of browning in white adipose tissue
Model for the induction of browning by phytochemicals. Guggulsterone binds to TGR5 and increases the expression of DIO2 which in turn enhances T3 levels leading to the induction of beiging. Resveratrol is a sirtuin activator and enhances the levels of cAMP and also activates AMPK. SIRT1 mediates PGC1α deacetylation and AMPK activates PGC1α. PRDM16 co-activates PGC1α and PPARγ driving the upregulation of thermogenic genes. Likewise, naringenin also activates SIRT1 contributing to the induction of beiging. Abbreviations: AMPK (5’ adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase), DIO2 (type 2 deiodinase), PGC-1α (PPARγ coactivator 1α), PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ), PRDM16 (PR domain containing protein 16), SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) and T3 (tri-iodothyronine)