Fig. 3
From: Phytochemicals as novel agents for the induction of browning in white adipose tissue
Possible TGR5-medaited effects of guggulsterone and xanthohumol. The structural similarity of guggulsterone and xanthohumol to bile acids allows them to bind to bile acid receptor TGR5 which induces cAMP mediated upregulation of DIO2. DIO2 converts T4 to biologically active T3, which in turn induces UCP1 and increases thermogenic activity of mitochondria. Abbreviations: cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), DIO2 (type 2 deiodinase), UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1)