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Table 1 Studies evaluating the association of metabolic syndrome or a separately altered component with BMC, BMD in adolescents

From: Do metabolic syndrome and its components have an impact on bone mineral density in adolescents?

Study

Country

Sample

Design

Outcome measures

Results - association between MetS or risk factors and bone mass

Afghani et al. [15]

California/USA

184 overweight

(8 to 13 years)

Cross-sectional

BMC using DXA

Insulin resistance↓ body BMC

Pollock et al. [16]

Georgia/USA

140 overweight

(7 to 11 years)

Cross-sectional

BMC and BMD using DXA

Pre-diabetes ↓BMC and BMD

Hyperinsulinemia ↓BMC and BMD

Pollock et al. [4]

Georgia/USA

143 overweight adolescents with cardiometabolic risk factors (14 to 18 years)

Cross-sectional

BMC using DXA

↑HDL-c ↑BMC

≥2 MetS components ↓BMC

Increased WC ↑visceral adipose tissue, fasting insulin and

HOMA-IR ↓total body BMC

Lawlor et al. [5]

United Kingdom

2035 adolescents

(15 years)

Cross-sectional

BMD and BMC using DXA

Hypertriglyceridemia ↑BMD, BMC and in boys

Reduced HDL and insulin resistance ↓total body BMD, BMC

Lee et al. [14]

South Korea

618 adolescents

(10 to 19 years)

Cross-sectional

BMC using DXA

HOMA-IR ↓BMC in boys

Nóbrega da Silva et al. [7]

Brazil

270 overweight adolescents

(10 to 16 years)

Cross-sectional

BMD using DXA

MetS (+)↓BMD/kg weight lumbar spine, left proximal femur, total and subtotal body

Increased WC ↓BMD (lumbar spine and total body) in both genders

Hypertriglyceridemia ↓BMD (lumbar spine and total body) in girls.

  1. BMC bone mineral content, BMD bone mineral density, MetS(+) with metabolic syndrome, WC waist circumference