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Table 3 SF-36 questionnaire results at baseline and at end of the study for all participants

From: Efficacy of a novel formulation of L-Carnitine, creatine, and leucine on lean body mass and functional muscle strength in healthy older adults: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study

 

L-Carnitine-combination

L-Carnitine

Placebo

P ValueΔ

P Value¤

Mean + SD (n)

Within Group P Value

Mean + SD (n)

Within Group P Value

Mean + SD (n)

Within Group P Value

  

Physical Functioning

 Baseline (Week 0)

81.1 ± 19.0 (14)

86.4 ± 15.2 (11)

88.6 ± 16.2 (14)

–

–

 Visit 2 (Week 8)

80.7 ± 13.4 (14)

85.9 ± 12.0 (11)

88.6 ± 14.6 (14)

–

–

 Change from Baseline to Week 8

−0.4 ± 14.9 (14)

P = 0.720

−0.5 ± 7.2 (11)

P = 0.890

0.0 ± 8.3 (14)

P = 1.000

0.642

0.487

Role Functioning/Physical

 Baseline (Week 0)

90.2 ± 17.1 (14)

95 ± 10 (11)

90.2 ± 19.7 (14)

–

–

 Visit 2 (Week 8)

92.9 ± 16.0 (14)

90.9 ± 23.1 (11)

93.8 ± 12.7 (14)

–

–

 Change from Baseline to Week 8

2.7 ± 25.6 (14)

P = 0.833

−5 ± 15 (11)

P = 1.000

3.6 ± 19.9 (14)

P = 0.588

0.442

0.876

Role Functioning/Emotional

 Baseline (Week 0)

97.6 ± 6.1 (14)

100.0 ± 0.0 (11)

96.4 ± 13.4 (14)

–

–

 Visit 2 (Week 8)

95.2 ± 12.1 (14)

87.9 ± 27.0 (11)

100.0 ± 0.0 (14)

–

–

 Change from Baseline to Week 8

−2.4 ± 14.4 (14)

P = 0.577

−12.1 ± 27.0 (11)

P = 0.346

3.6 ± 13.4 (14)

P = 1.000

0.081

0.655

Vitality

 Baseline (Week 0)

58.2 ± 20.1 (14)

68.2 ± 17.4 (11)

68.9 ± 21.0 (14)

–

–

 Visit 2 (Week 8)

57.5 ± 19.3 (14)

77.3 ± 11.7 (11)

68.6 ± 16.5 (14)

–

–

 Change from Baseline to Week 8

−0.7 ± 15.8 (14)

P = 0.691

9.1 ± 10.0 (11)

P  = 0.025

−0.4 ± 19.6 (14)

P = 0.780

0.081

0.833

Emotional Well-Being

 Baseline (Week 0)

76.3 ± 14.2 (14)

86.5 ± 7.4 (11)

84.9 ± 15.2 (14)

–

–

 Visit 2 (Week 8)

81.1 ± 10.2 (14)

87.3 ± 12.2 (11)

84.3 ± 12.8 (14)

–

–

Change from Baseline to Week 8

4.9 ± 12.8 (14)

P = 0.261

0.7 ± 10.1 (11)

P = 0.509

−0.6 ± 13.8 (14)

P = 0.670

0.260

0.305

Social Functioning

 Baseline (Week 0)

48.2 ± 8.3 (14)

50.0 ± 5.6 (11)

51.8 ± 4.5 (14)

–

–

 Visit 2 (Week 8)

56.2 ± 19.5 (14)

52.3 ± 9.4 (11)

50.0 ± 0.0 (14)

–

–

 Change from Baseline to Week 8

8.0 ± 20.0 (14)

P = 0.202

2.3 ± 10.9 (11)

P p = 0.572

−1.8 ± 4.5 (14)

P = 0.346

0.315

0.175

Pain

 Baseline (Week 0)

77.7 ± 15.1 (14)

83.4 ± 12.3 (11)

84.1 ± 18.3 (14)

–

–

 Visit 2 (Week 8)

78.0 ± 20.6 (14)

83.0 ± 15.4 (11)

84.8 ± 14.6 (14)

–

–

 Change from Baseline to Week 8

0.4 ± 23.3 (14)

P = 0.944

−0.5 ± 13.0 (11)

P = 1.000

0.7 ± 11.0 (14)

P = 1.000

0.673

0.744

General Health

 Baseline (Week 0)

75.7 ± 16.9 (14)

85.9 ± 14.3 (11)

85.4 ± 14.3 (14)

–

–

 Visit 2 (Week 8)

77.5 ± 13.7 (14)

86.0 ± 8.2 (11)

83.2 ± 12.3 (14)

–

–

 Change from Baseline toWeek 8

1.8 ± 11.9 (14)

P = 0.662

0.1 ± 12.2 (11)

P = 0.733

−2.1 ± 11.4 (14)

P = 0.892

0.822

0.778

  1. N number, SD standard deviation
  2. ΔBetween-group comparisons for placebo and L-Carnitine were made using the Mann-Whitney U test
  3. ¤Between-group comparisons for placebo and L-Carnitine-Combination were made using the Mann-Whitney U test
  4. Within-group comparisons were made using the signed-rank test
  5. Probability values P ≤ 0.05 are statistically significant
  6. The bold data represents a significant P value (P>0.05)
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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