Impact of a 6-week non-energy-restricted ketogenic diet on physical fitness, body composition and biochemical parameters in healthy adults

Table 2 Physical performance and physiological parameters (indirect calorimetry, cycling test, handgrip strength)

	Unit	PRE	POST	P-value
Indirect calorimetry
REE	kcal/day	1523 ± 329	1430 ± 338	0.038
RERrest		0.86 (0.75–1.14)	0.79 (0.69–0.85)	<0.001
Spiroergometry, EKG and Borg scale
VO₂peak (absolute)	l/min	2.55 ± 0.68	2.49 ± 0.69	0.023
VO₂peak (relative)	ml/min*kg	36.7 ± 8.5	36.8 ± 9.0	0.808
VT1	l/min	1.23 (0.79–2.83)	1.19 (0.73–2.69)	0.233
Pmax	W	241 ± 57	231 ± 57	<0.001
HRmax	1/min	176 ± 14	177 ± 14	0.268
HRrest	1/min	57 ± 7	59 ± 7	0.008
Spinning speed	rpm	60 (58–65)	60 (58–64)	0.274
Rating of perceived exertion		17 (13–19)	18 (14–19)	0.052
Questionnaires
Physical activity^a	kcal/week	2575 (615–12915)	2464 (625–13760)	0.457
Physical activity^a	MET-hours/week	34.6 (8.5–156.1)	36.7 (8.5–170.4)	0.264
Handgrip strength
Maximum strength	kg	40.1 ± 8.8	41.0 ± 9.1	0.047

Abbreviations: HR heart rate, MET metabolic equivalent of task, VO ₂ oxygen consumption, Pmax Peak power, REE 24-h resting energy expenditure, RER respiratory exchange ratio, rpm revolutions per minute, VT ventilatory threshold, W watt
^aPhysical activity is expressed by the rate of energy expenditure in MET based on the reference data published by Ainsworth et al. [25]. One MET for a reference adult is approximately 1 kcal/kg*h

ISSN: 1743-7075