Table 2 Maternal 25OHD and markers of glucose metabolism in early and late pregnancy among the total group and categorised by season of first antenatal visit

25OHD early <30 nmol/L ^a

90 (26.9)

64 (38.6)

26 (15.5)

<0.001

25OHD early <50 nmol/L ^a

205 (61.4)

121 (72.9)

84 (50.0)

0.002

25OHD 28 weeks <30 nmol/L ^a

111 (33.2)

56 (33.7)

55 (32.7)

0.662

25OHD 28 weeks <50 nmol/L ^a

211 (63.2)

103 (62.0)

107 (63.7)

0.999

HOMA-IR early ^b

2.1 (2.6)

2.4 (2.8)

1.7 (2.0)

0.004

HOMA-IR 28 weeks ^b

2.8 (3.15)

2.9 (3.4)

2.6 (2.6)

0.064

Insulin early (μU/mL) ^b

11.3 (12.3)

12.8 (13.1)

9.3 (11.1)

0.002

Insulin 28 weeks (μU/mL) ^b

14.4 (15.6)

14.6 (16.8)

14.1 (11.8)

0.108

Fasting glucose early (mmol/L) ^c

4.48 (0.35)

4.47 (0.33)

4.49 (0.37)

0.566

Fasting glucose 28 weeks (mmol/L) ^c

4.46 (0.46)

4.49 (0.45)

4.42 (0.46)

0.157

1-h GCT 28 weeks (mmol/L) ^c

6.48 (1.44)

6.47 (1.39)

6.50 (1.48)

0.864