Table 1 Main clinical features and circulating ZAG levels in MetS and control subjects

male/female

124/110

125/130

NS

Age (year)

51.9 ± 9.2

52.4 ± 7.4

NS

BMI (kg/m2)

23.6 ± 3.5

26.1 ± 3.7

<0.001

FAT (%)

29.2 ± 6.9

30.6 ± 5.1

0.014

WHR

0.88 ± 0.06

0.91 ± 0.06

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

119.6 ± 12.8

127.6 ± 13.2

<0.001

DBP (mmHg)

75.2 ± 7.5

78.0 ± 8.2

<0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.88 ± 0.92

5.00 ± 0.63

NS

TG (mmol/L)

1.38 ± 0.62

2.07 ± 0.54

<0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.47 ± 0.34

1.32 ± 0.27

<0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.74 ± 0.76

2.72 ± 0.69

NS

FFA (μmol/L)

0.54 ± 0.27

0.67 ± 0.29

<0.001

FBG (mmol/L)

6.15 (5.30–8.57)

8.98 (8.12–9.89)

<0.001

2 h–BG (mmol/L)

9.52 (6.14–14.86)

16.86 (12.76–20.44)

<0.001

FIns (mU/L)

10.90 (7.00–13.86)

13.11 (9.76–16.47)

<0.001

2 h–Ins (mU/L)

40.89 (34.8–51.71)

45.73 (37.85–55.89)

0.011

HbA1c (%)

6.98 ± 1.52

7.84 ± 1.21

<0.001

HOMA-IR

3.08 (1.80–4.93)

5.45 (3.68–7.05)

<0.001

HOMA-β

60.76 (47.51–99.76)

50.44 (37.89–59.90)

<0.001

Adiponectin (μg/L)

34.9 ± 11.4

31.1 ± 9.5

<0.001

ZAG (mg/L)

46.1 ± 18.6

35.0 ± 11.8

<0.001