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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (n = 85) before and after eight-week LED and the change with corresponding levels of significance

From: Effect of low energy diet for eight weeks to adults with overweight or obesity on folate, retinol, vitamin B12, D and E status and the degree of inflammation: a post hoc analysis of a randomized intervention trial

 

Baseline

After LED

Change

Anthropometry

 Body weight, kg

95.6 ± 13.9

83.3 ± 12.0

− 12.3 [− 13.1,-11.6]***

 Height, m

1.71 ± 0.07

  

 BMI, kg/m2

32.7 ± 3.5

28.5 ± 3.2

− 4.2 [− 4.4,-4.0]***

 Waist circumference, cm

102 ± 11

91 ± 9

− 11 [− 12,-10]***

 Hip circumference, cm

116 ± 9

108 ± 8

− 8 [− 9,-7]***

 Waist-hip ratio

0.89 ± 0.09

0.85 ± 0.8

− 0.04 [− 0.05,-0.03]***

 Sagittal diameter, cm b

23.9 ± 2.5

20.1 ± 2.0

− 3.7 [− 4.0,-3.5]***

Body fat

 Total, kg

40 ± 9

32 ± 9

− 8.2 [− 8.8,-7.7]***

 Total, %

42 ± 6

38 ± 7

− 4.0 [− 4.4,-3.6]***

 Abdominal region, %

50 ± 6

44 ± 9

− 6.4 [− 7.4,-5.5]***

 Hip region, %

44 ± 7

41 ± 8

− 3.5 [− 3.8,-3.1]***

Serum concentrations

 CRP, nmol/L a, b,

22.9 (5.7,41.9)

4.8 (1,33.3)

− 12.4 [− 20,-4.8]*

 Hcy, μmol/L

10.5 (8.3,12.7)

9.2 (7.9,11.1)

− 1.4 [− 2.2,-0.7]**

 Folate, nmol/L

10.9 (8.6,15.0)

36.9 (26.7,46.9)

23.6 [21.3,26.1]***

 Vitamin B12, pmol/L

267 ± 114

332 ± 133

65 [49,80]***

 Retinol, μmol/L

1.8 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.4

− 0.4 [− 0.4,-0.3]***

 25(OH)D, nmol/L

36 (22,55)

50 (41,65)

15 [12,17]***

 α-tocopherol, μmol/L

28 (24,33)

21 (18,24)

−7 [−9,-6]***

  1. Results before and after weight loss are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range), changes are presented as mean [95% confidence intervals]; an = 81 at baseline and for change; bn = 84 at endpoint; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D; CRP, C-reactive protein; Hcy, homocysteine; LED, low energy diet; * P < 0.01; **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.00000001