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Table 3 The assess of association between alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on inflammatory markers based on subgroup analysis

From: The effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on inflammatory markers among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Variables Number of SMD included Subgroups Pooled OR (random effect) 95% CI I2 (%) overall I2(%)
CRP Geographic area 6 Asia −1.20 −2.02, − 0.38 90.8 93.7
5 European −2.52 −4.26, −0.78 94.8
1 USA −0.46 − 0.98, 0.07 –
1 Oceania 0.05 −0.41, 0.51 –
Dosage of ALA (mg/day) 4 < 600 −1.29 −2.16, −0.42 81.4
9 ≥600 −1.64 −2.61, −0.66 95.4
Type of intervention 9 ALA −1.63 −2.67, −0.58 95.3
4 ALA plus other nutrients −1.30 −2.10, −0.50 85.0
Duration of study (week) 10 ≥8 −1.50 −2.35, −0.65 94.4
3 < 8 −1.63 −2.93, −0.32 88.6
Type of diseases 3 Diabetic −1.63 −2.93, −0.32 88.6
10 Other −1.50 −2.35, −0.65 94.4
IL-6 Geographic area 4 Asia −2.18 −3.34, −1.02 88.7 90.6
6 European −1.75 −2.71, −0.78 87.4
3 USA −4.10 −7.68, −0.52 96.3
1 Oceania −0.26 −0.72, 0.20 –
1 Africa −0.57 −1.17, 0.03 –
Dosage of ALA (mg/day) 5 < 600 −3.59 −5.50, −1.68 94.8
10 ≥600 −1.22 − 1.70, −0.74 78.4
Type of intervention 8 ALA −2.00 −2.88, −1.11 90.9
7 ALA plus other nutrients −1.98 −3.01, −0.95 91.7
Duration of study (week) 8 ≥8 −1.07 − 1.62, −0.52 85.1
7 < 8 −3.30 −4.61, −1.99 89.9
Type of diseases 2 Diabetic −3.40 −5.13, −1.66 75.1
13 Other −1.72 −2.35, − 1.09 89.5
TNF-α Geographic area 3 Asia −2.44 −4.67, −0.21 95.9 94.3
5 European −2.63 −3.87, −1.39 87.2
1 Oceania −0.34 − 0.80, 0.12 –
1 Africa −6.35 −8.16, −4.54 –
Dosage of ALA (mg/day) 1 < 600 −2.14 −2.77, −1.51 –
9 ≥600 −2.71 −3.94, − 1.48 94.7
Type of intervention 6 ALA −2.56 −4.08, −1.03 95.8
4 ALA plus other nutrients −2.73 −4.26, −1.20 89.3
Duration of study (week) 5 ≥8 −2.78 −4.57, −0.99 96.8
5 < 8 −2.40 −3.46, −1.33 80.2
Type of diseases 3 Diabetic −4.68 −7.82, −1.55 92.8
7 Other −1.89 −3.04, −0.73 94.0
  1. ESRD end-stage renal disease, IL-6 interlokin-6, CRP C-reactive protein, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
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