Very low-carbohydrate, high-fat, weight reduction diet decreases hepatic gene response to glucose in obese rats

Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 3 Dietary Effects on Plasma Levels of Glucose, Insulin and Ketones in Rats¹

DIET	HOMA-IR	Glucose	ipGTT AUC	ipGTT insulin		β-hydroxy butyrate
		mmol/L	(mM)(min)	ng/mL		mmol/L
		t0		t0	t30
Phase 1
LF	10.9+1.2^a	5.5+0.2	542+41^ab	1.58+0.12^ab
HF1	12.7+1.8^a	5.3+0.1	674+38^a	1.85+0.22^a
Phase 2
HF2	7.8+3.2^a	5.9+0.4	453+53^ab	1.03+0.41^bc	1.97+0.49^a*	0.62+2.30
VLC	10.0+2.3^a	6.5+0.5	442+22^b	1.25+0.29^b	2.5+0.61^a*	0.5+0.07
LC	3.3+1.0^b	6.2+0.1	482+52^ab	0.41+0.13^cd	1.69+0.20^ab*	0.49+0.05
HC	1.3+0.1^b	5.7+0.5	442+50^b	0.18+0.02^d	0.52+0.13^b	0.51+0.16

¹Values are means + SEM. Labeled means in a column without a common letter differ, P<0.05. * Different from t0, P<0.05. HOMA-IR units are (mmol/L)(μU/mL)/22.5. LF, lower- fat; HF1, high-fat Phase 1; HF2, high-fat Phase 2; VLC, very low-carbohydrate; LC, low-carbohydrate; HC, high-carbohydrate

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