Green cardamom increases Sirtuin-1 and reduces inflammation in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Daneshi-Maskooni, Milad; Keshavarz, Seyed Ali; Qorbani, Mostafa; Mansouri, Siavash; Alavian, Seyed Moayed; Badri-Fariman, Mahtab; Jazayeri-Tehrani, Seyed Ali; Sotoudeh, Gity

doi:10.1186/s12986-018-0297-4

Table 3 Dietary intakes of overweight/obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

From: Green cardamom increases Sirtuin-1 and reduces inflammation in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Dietary intakes		Cardamom (n = 43) Mean(SD)	Placebo (n = 44) Mean(SD)	P-value
Energy (kcal)	Baseline	2309.3(763.3)	2164.6(761.6)	0.3^*	0.4^**
	1.5 Months	1857.8(563.7)	1871.1(641.1)	0.9
	3 Months	1947.5(656.7)	1978.4(636.8)	0.8
Protein (g)	Baseline	91.3(37.8)	83.7(34.4)	0.3	0.3
	1.5 Months	77.1(34.1)	74.8(31.6)	0.7
	3 Months	79.6(31.7)	83.1(30.4)	0.7
Protein (%)	Baseline	15.8(4.2)	15.5(4.1)	0.7	0.6
	1.5 Months	16.2(3.7)	15.9(3.7)	0.6
	3 Months	16.4(4.4)	16.9(3.5)	0.5
Carbohydrate (g)	Baseline	275.3(110.7)	261.1(94.0)	0.5	0.3
	1.5 Months	221.6(76.4)	234.6(80.6)	0.6
	3 Months	231.1(90.3)	239.5(81.1)	0.6
Carbohydrate (%)	Baseline	47.5(10.3)	48.7(9.8)	0.5	0.7
	1.5 Months	47.8(8.1)	50.5(6.6)	0.08
	3 Months	47.3(7.8)	48.6(7.1)	0.4
Fat (g)	Baseline	99.2(36.9)	89.9(43.9)	0.2	0.5
	1.5 Months	78.0(26.6)	75.1(30.6)	0.3
	3 Months	82.3(29.6)	81.4(34.2)	0.5
Fat (%)	Baseline	38.7(8.6)	37.2(8.4)	0.4	0.8
	1.5 Months	38.0(6.7)	35.8(5.2)	0.1
	3 Months	38.2(6.3)	36.8(6.8)	0.3
Cholesterol (mg)	Baseline	234.4(143.5)	221.9(174.5)	0.3	0.8
	1.5 Months	208.0(134.4)	186.1(141.6)	0.3
	3 Months	290.6(375.1)	255.3(154.9)	0.4
Saturated fat (g)	Baseline	26.0(11.2)	24.0(13.7)	0.4	0.7
	1.5 Months	21.2(9.6)	21.2(11.7)	0.7
	3 Months	23.8(11.3)	22.8(8.7)	0.8
Monounsaturated fatty acid (g)	Baseline	36.2(14.3)	32.9(16.9)	0.1	0.6
	1.5 Months	28.3(10.0)	27.5(11.4)	0.5
	3 Months	30.5(11.2)	29.1(11.0)	0.3
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (g)	Baseline	26.3(13.1)	22.4(12.2)	0.08	0.1
	1.5 Months	20.2(9.2)	19.5(8.8)	0.5
	3 Months	19.2(8.6)	20.1(12.1)	0.7
Vitamin A (RAE) (μg)	Baseline	465.7(449.5)	419.1(434.7)	0.4	0.3
	1.5 Months	285.1(222.8)	375.5(326.9)	0.2
	3 Months	365.5(349.3)	397.2(246.2)	0.1
Carotenoids (mg)	Baseline	10.3(9.3)	8.7(8.2)	0.3	0.2
	1.5 Months	6.9(6.7)	6.9(7.3)	0.8
	3 Months	7.2(7.5)	8.9(6.3)	0.08
Vitamin C (mg)	Baseline	88.7(92.1)	93.2(84.0)	0.7	0.7
	1.5 Months	84.6(83.4)	79.1(60.2)	0.8
	3 Months	76.0(52.0)	87.1(61.9)	0.4
Calcium (mg)	Baseline	968.3(589.4)	872.0(530.4)	0.3	0.05
	1.5 Months	925.4(390.3)	951.3(490.1)	0.7
	3 Months	930.5(485.1)	1145.1(533.4)	0.03
Iron (mg)	Baseline	15.1(6.6)	14.0(4.7)	0.4	0.7
	1.5 Months	11.6(4.0)	11.5(3.8)	0.8
	3 Months	12.3(5.0)	11.7(4.4)	0.5
Vitamin D (μg)	Baseline	0.9(1.4)	1.5(3.0)	0.7	0.7
	1.5 Months	0.9(1.5)	1.6(2.4)	0.1
	3 Months	1.2(1.2)	2.1(2.1)	0.03
Vitamin E (mg)	Baseline	31.7(16.2)	24.3(12.7)	0.01	0.01
	1.5 Months	23.8(11.2)	22.3(9.7)	0.4
	3 Months	22.6(10.3)	23.8(11.3)	0.8
Vitamin B1 (mg)	Baseline	1.6(0.7)	1.6(0.6)	0.6	0.7
	1.5 Months	1.4(0.5)	1.4(0.5)	0.9
	3 Months	1.5(0.5)	1.5(0.5)	0.6
Vitamin B2 (mg)	Baseline	1.9(1.0)	1.7(0.8)	0.6	0.06
	1.5 Months	1.6(0.6)	1.6(0.7)	0.9
	3 Months	1.6(0.7)	2.0(0.8)	0.07
Vitamin B3 (mg)	Baseline	27.0(13.5)	23.9(12.7)	0.2	0.4
	1.5 Months	21.8(12.9)	19.9(11.5)	0.4
	3 Months	21.1(8.2)	21.9(10.3)	0.8
Vitamin B6 (mg)	Baseline	1.9(0.9)	1.7(0.7)	0.2	0.02
	1.5 Months	1.6(0.7)	1.5(0.7)	0.4
	3 Months	1.5(0.5)	1.7(0.6)	0.1
Folate (DFE) (μg)	Baseline	405.7(192.2)	457.2(182.8)	0.8	0.5
	1.5 Months	370.8(176.5)	363.7(157.1)	0.6
	3 Months	388.0(183.1)	348.8(130.9)	0.2
Vitamin B12 (μg)	Baseline	4.1(2.5)	4.1(2.8)	0.8	0.9
	1.5 Months	3.5(2.1)	3.6(2.5)	0.9
	3 Months	4.6(3.8)	4.4(2.0)	0.5
Vitamin K (μg)	Baseline	257.3(489.8)	198.3(371.0)	0.5	0.4
	1.5 Months	118.9(225.8)	147.9(233.4)	0.2
	3 Months	195.0(373.0)	113.2(193.2)	0.8
Zinc (mg)	Baseline	11.8(5.2)	11.5(4.8)	0.9	0.7
	1.5 Months	9.7(3.6)	10.4(4.1)	0.5
	3 Months	11.5(6.2)	11.4(3.8)	0.6
Selenium (μg)	Baseline	98.9(48.1)	106.9(52.4)	0.4	0.7
	1.5 Months	85.6(42.3)	94.1(38.7)	0.3
	3 Months	101.4(50.7)	103.3(43.5)	0.7
Total fiber (g)	Baseline	30.3(16.5)	26.6(15.3)	0.2	0.3
	1.5 Months	26.1(13.1)	22.4(10.2)	0.1
	3 Months	24.7(12.7)	25.2(12.2)	0.6

*Total of the column: t-test or Mann-Whitney; **Total of the column: Two way repeated measures-ANOVA (TWRM-ANOVA)

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