Consumption of regular-fat vs reduced-fat cheese reveals gender-specific changes in LDL particle size - a randomized controlled trial

Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 6 Average daily consumption of energy and macronutrients for the REG, RED and CHO diet during the 12 weeks intervention^a

	REG (n = 27)	RED (n = 25)	CHO (n = 27)	P _REGvs.RED	P _REGvs.CHO
Total energy (kJ)	9150 ± 356	8593 ± 557	7973 ± 437	0.56	0.08
Energy density (kcal/g)	1.0 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.44	0.70
Fat (% of energy)	36.2 ± 1.3	33.5 ± 0.8	30.0 ± 1.3	0.12	< 0.001
Fat (g)	90.7 ± 5.6	77.5 ± 5.5	65.6 ± 4.6	0.11	< 0.001
Saturated fat (g)	33.3 ± 1.7	27.2 ± 1.7	19.0 ± 1.4	< 0.01	< 0.001
Monounsaturated fat (g)	31.0 ± 2.5	27.1 ± 2.2	24.6 ± 2.1	0.21	< 0.01
Polyunsaturated fat (g)	13.3 ± 1.2	12.7 ± 1.1	13.8 ± 1.2	0.71	0.99
Carbohydrate (% of energy)	40.2 ± 1.6	43.0 ± 1.1	49.7 ± 1.6	0.20	< 0.001
Dietary Fiber (g/d)	23.9 ± 1.3	22.0 ± 1.5	23.4 ± 2.6	0.44	0.85
Protein (% of energy)	19.4 ± 0.8	20.1 ± 0.8	18.3 ± 0.7	0.50	0.20
Alcohol (g)	12.1 ± 2.1	11.0 ± 2.1	5.8 ± 1.7	0.70	0.08
Calcium (mg)	1226 ± 44	1300 ± 53	677 ± 41	0.60	< 0.001

^aAll values are means ± SEMs, n = 79 because 6 (subjects had dietary records considered nonsufficient and were therefore removed from the model). Data were assessed by using 3-d weighted dietary record estimated using Dankost 3000 dietary assessment software (Dankost). Statistical differences were based on linear mixed models with values for average daily consumption at week 0 for all variables included as covariates. Pairwise comparisons were based on post hoc t- test with p-values adjusted for multiplicity. Abbreviations: CHO carbohydrate control, RED reduced-fat cheese, REG regular-fat cheese