Fig. 5

Intermittent FMD alters gut microbiota in db/db mice. a Simpson index of gut microbes at genus level. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 8 per group. * p < 0.05. b Hierarchical clustering of gut microbiota at the genus level (n = 7 mice/group). c PCoA plot based on the relative abundance of microbiome at the genus level. d Wilcoxon rank-sum test bar plot showing significant changes in the relative abundance at the phylum level. The p value is shown on the right. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. e Heatmap showing relative abundance of bacteria at the genus level. f Wilcoxon rank-sum test bar plot showing changes of bacteria at the genus level. The p value is shown on the right. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. g Spearman correlation heatmap indicating the correlation of bacteria at the genus level with fasting blood glucose levels and body weight. Correlation coefficient is indicated