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Table 1 Comparison of selected characteristics between PLC cases and controls

From: Trimethylamine N-oxide, a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite of choline, is positively associated with the risk of primary liver cancer: a case-control study

Variables

PLC

Controls

P value

Age (years)a

58.6 ± 7.6

58.6 ± 7.5

0.981

Men, n (%)

569 (84.8)

569 (84.8)

–

BMI (kg/m2) a

22.8 ± 3.1

23.8 ± 3.1

< 0.001

Household income (Yuan/month/person), n (%)

 ≤2000

206 (30.7)

355 (52.9)

< 0.001

 2001–6000

410 (61.1)

283 (42.2)

 

 > 6000

55 (8.2)

33 (4.9)

 

Occupation, n (%)

 Light intensity of activity

246 (36.7)

365 (54.4)

< 0.001

 Moderate intensity of activity

209 (31.2)

193 (28.8)

 

 Heavy intensity of activity

216 (32.2)

113 (16.8)

 

Married, n (%)

658 (98.1)

643 (95.8)

0.017

Education level, n (%)

 Primary school or below

176 (26.2)

38 (5.7)

< 0.001

 Secondary & High school

387 (57.7)

409 (61.0)

 

 College or above

108 (16.1)

224 (33.4)

 

Smoker, n (%)

302 (45.0)

272 (40.6)

0.098

Alcohol drinker, n (%)

186 (27.7)

85 (12.7)

< 0.001

HBV infection, n (%)

582 (86.7)

60 (8.9)

< 0.001

Mets, n (%)

128 (19.1)

174 (25.9)

0.003

Serum choline (μmol/L) a

12.88 ± 4.53

17.33 ± 5.15

< 0.001

Serum TMAO (μmol/L) b

2.07 (1.32,3.49)

1.61 (0.87,2.92)

0.002

  1. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, PLC = primary liver cancer, HBV = hepatitis B virus, Mets = Metabolic syndrome, TMAO = trimethylamine N-oxide
  2. aContinuous values are mean ± S.D.
  3. bValue is median (IQR)