| HOMA-β (the highest quartiles) | ||
coffee consumption | OR | 95% CI | P* |
 Model 1 | 2.240 | 1.598–3.140 | < 0.001 |
 Model 2 | 2.048 | 1.359–3.086 | 0.001 |
 Model 3 | 2.262 | 1.451–3.527 | < 0.001 |
 | Stumvoll first phase (the highest quartiles) | ||
coffee consumption | OR | 95% CI | P* |
 Model 1 | 1.818 | 1.297–2.549 | 0.001 |
 Model 2 | 1.807 | 1.222–2.672 | 0.003 |
 Model 3 | 2.041 | 1.331–3.131 | 0.001 |
 | Stumvoll second phase (the highest quartiles) | ||
coffee consumption | OR | 95% CI | P* |
 Model 1 | 1.730 | 1.238–2.419 | 0.001 |
 Model 2 | 1.762 | 1.196–2.595 | 0.004 |
 Model 3 | 1.890 | 1.243–2.874 | 0.003 |