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Table 2 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of type 2 diabetes associated with different levels of RBP4

From: Retinol binding protein 4 and risk of type 2 diabetes in Singapore Chinese men and women: a nested case-control study

Variables

Quartiles of RBP4

P for trend*

Per 1 log increment

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Total

 Median (range)

19 (11–22)

24 (22–26)

30 (26–33)

38 (33–77)

  

 Cases/controls

125/143

121/143

149/143

176/143

  

 Model 1

1.00

0.92 (0.60–1.41)

1.34 (0.89–2.02)

1.69 (1.09–2.62)

0.004

2.09 (1.20–3.64)

 Model 2

1.00

0.70 (0.42–1.18)

1.12 (0.68–1.84)

1.23 (0.73–2.07)

0.14

1.38 (0.71–2.65)

Men

 Median (range)

21 (14–25)

27 (25–30)

32 (30–34)

40 (35–76)

  

 Cases/controls

67/59

53/59

48/59

68/59

  

  Model 1

1.00

0.55 (0.27–1.11)

0.57 (0.29–1.12)

0.94 (0.47–1.86)

0.81

1.04 (0.42–2.54)

  Model 2

1.00

0.37 (0.16–0.86)

0.53 (0.24–1.16)

0.63 (0.27–1.45)§

0.65

0.63 (0.21–1.84)

Women

 Median (range)

18 (11–21)

23 (21–24)

27 (24–30)

36 (30–77)

  

 Cases/controls

58/84

68/84

101/84

108/83

  

  Model 1

1.00

1.41 (0.79–2.51)

2.55 (1.46–4.48)

2.59 (1.41–4.75)

0.001

3.46 (1.66–7.20)

  Model 2

1.00

1.17 (0.55–2.50)

2.43 (1.15–5.12)

2.29 (1.05–5.00)§

0.018

2.78 (1.09–7.14)

  1. *Linear trend was tested by using the median level of each quartile of RBP4
  2. Model 1: adjusted for age at blood taken (continuous), smoking status (never, past, and current smoker), alcohol intake (never, weekly or daily), weekly moderate-to-vigorous activity levels (<0.5, 0.5-3.9, and ≥4.0 hours/week), education level (primary school and below, secondary or above), history of hypertension (yes, no), fasting status (yes, no), and body mass index (continuous);
  3. Model 2: Model 1 plus hs-CRP (mg/L), TG (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L), and ALT (IU/L) (all in quartiles).
  4. §P-interaction, men vs. women =0.032 in Model 2.
  5. Abbreviations: ALT alanine aminotransferase, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, RBP4 retinol binding protein 4, TG triglycerides