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Table 5 The changes in weight, BMI, glucose indices, nesfatin, inflammatory factors, and liver enzymes in overweight/obese NAFLD patients

From: Nano-curcumin improves glucose indices, lipids, inflammation, and Nesfatin in overweight and obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Variables

Intervention

Baseline Mean(SD)

3 Months Mean(SD)

P-value$

Mean Difference (95% CI)

P-value#

Time

Treatment

Interaction

Weight (kg)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

86.5 (10.9)

83.7 (10.7)

< 0.001

−2.8 (−3.5, −2.0)

< 0.001

0.8

0.3

Placebo (n = 42)

86.7(11.0)

84.3(11.0)

< 0.001

−2.4 (−3.1, −1.6)

< 0. 1

0.3

0.3

BMI (kg/m2)*

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

30.6(2.14)

29.7(2.10)

< 0.001

−0.9 (− 1.0, −0.7)

< 0.001

0.6

0.2

Placebo (n = 42)

30.7(2.35)

29.9(2.53)

< 0.001

− 0.8 (− 0.9, − 0.6)

0.03

0.9

0.3

Fat Mass (%)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

31.6(6.4)

30.3(6.5)

< 0.001

−1.3 (− 1.7, − 0.8)

< 0.001

0.7

0.3

Placebo (n = 42)

31.9(4.7)

30.7(4.9)

< 0.001

−1.2 (− 1.5, − 0.8)

0.003

0.1

0.9

Waist circumference (cm)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

105.4(6.2)

99.6(5.7)

< 0.001

−5.8 (−6.2, −5.3)

< 0.001

0.6

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

103.8(6.7)

102.5(6.9)

< 0.001

−1.3 (− 1.7, − 0.8)

0.07

0.9

< 0.001

SBP (mmhg)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

120.3(4.7)

118.2(4.4)

0.008

−2.1 (−2.4, −1.7)

0.001

0.3

0.3

Placebo (n = 42)

120.7(4.3)

119.6(4.9)

0.07

−1.1 (−1.4, −0.7)

0.7

0.4

0.8

DBP (mmhg)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

78.8(4.5)

77.9(2.9)

0.102

−0.9 (−1.1, − 0.6)

0.008

0.2

0.7

Placebo (n = 42)

79.8(4.3)

78.7(3.4)

0.03

−1.1 (−1.3, 0.8)

0.4

0.4

0.7

ALT (u/l)**

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

42.8(11.6)

32.6(9.9)

< 0.001

−10.2 (− 10.9, −9.4)

< 0.001

0.1

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

42.1(8.2)

39.6(7.5)

0.001

−2.5 (−3.0, 1.9)

0.4

0.3

< 0.001

AST (u/l)^

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

28.43(6.7)

22.03(5.9)

< 0.001

−6.4 (−6.8, −5.9)

< 0.001

0.3

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

27.60(7.8)

25.63(7.2)

0.002

−1.97 (−2.47, − 1.46)

0.052

0.7

< 0.001

TC (mg/dl)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

212.9(18.9)

195.2(19.8)

< 0.001

−17.7 (− 19.0, − 16.3)

< 0.001

0.2

0.002

Placebo (n = 42)

211.8(21.8)

205.0(20.5)

0.005

−6.8 (−8.2, 5.3)

0.3

0.9

0.01

LDL-c (mg/dl)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

135.6(17.6)

114.6(20.5)

< 0.001

−21.0 (−22.2, −19.7)

< 0.001

0.3

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

133.0(20.7)

125.7(22.2)

< 0.001

−7.3 (−8.7, −5.8)

0.01

0.9

0.003

TG (mg/dl)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

175.9(70.3)

142.5(49.9)

< 0.001

−33.4 (−37.5, −29.2)

< 0.001

0.1

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

181.2(65.6)

175.3(62.5)

0.007

−5.9 (−10.2, −1.5)

0.5

0.057

0.001

HDL-c (mg/dl)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

41.8(5.6)

51.4(6.6)

< 0.001

9.6 (9.1, 10.0)

< 0.001

0.009

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

42.7(5.7)

43.8(5.4)

0.001

1.1 (0.7, 1.4)

< 0.001

0.04

< 0.001

FBS (mg/dl)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

89.1(5.4)

86.3(5.2)

< 0.001

−2.8 (−3.1, −2.4)

< 0.001

0.3

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

89.3(5.8)

88.2(5.5)

< 0.001

−1.1 (−1.4, 0.7)

0.6

0.2

0.03

HbA1c (%)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

5.2(0.218)

5.1(0.229)

< 0.001

−0.1 (−0.115, −0.085)

< 0.001

0.1

0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

5.3(0.218)

5.2(0.188)

< 0.001

−0.1 (− 0.114, − 0.086)

0.01

0.8

0.002

Nesfatin (ng/ml)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

1.81(0.54)

3.37(8.8)

< 0.001

1.56 (1.52, 1.59)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

1.88(0.49)

2.06(7.6)

< 0.001

.18 (0.14, 0.21)

< 0.001

0.003

< 0.001

FBI (μIU/ml)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

8.0(0.5)

6.5(0.9)

< 0.001

−1.5 (−1.54, −1.45)

< 0.001

0.001

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

7.9(0.6)

7.6(0.7)

< 0.001

−0.3 (−0.34, −0.25)

0.3

0.08

< 0.001

TNF-α (ng/l)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

14.7(3.3)

7.3(2.9)

< 0.001

−7.4 (−7.5, −7.2)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

15.1(2.7)

13.7(4.0)

< 0.001

1.4 (−1.63, −1.16)

0.002

< 0.001

< 0.001

IL-6 (ng/l)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

7.60(1.56)

3.81(1.63)

< 0.001

−3.79 (−3.88, −3.69)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

7.99(1.52)

7.02(7.6)

< 0.001

−0.97 (−1.07, −0.86)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

hs-CRP (mg/l)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

5.9(2.57)

3.6(1.58)

< 0.001

−2.3 (−2.44, −2.15)

< 0.001

0.3

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

5.3(2.50)

5.2(2.47)

< 0.001

0.1 (−0.26, 0.06)

< 0.001

0.3

< 0.001

HOMA-IR (score)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

1.77(0.16)

1.39(0.21)

< 0.001

−0.38 (− 0.39, − 0.36)

< 0.001

0.001

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

1.75(0.17)

1.65(0.18)

< 0.001

0.1 (−0.11, − 0.08)

0.3

0.04

< 0.001

QUICKI (score)

Nanocurcumin (n = 42)

0.3505(0.0049)

0.3643(0.0092)

< 0.001

0.0138 0.0143, 0.0133)

< 0.001

0.001

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 42)

0.3509(0.0057)

0.3543(0.0068)

< 0.001

0.0034 (0.0038, 0.0029)

0.3

0.3

< 0.001

  1. *Inversely transformed; **Transformed by square root; ^Logarithmically transformed; $Paired t-test; #Two way repeated measures-ANOVA (TWRM-ANOVA), top row: unadjusted; bottom row: adjusted for energy, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acid, vitamins D, B1, B6, and folate. ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, BMI body mass index, FBI fasting blood insulin,FBS fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, IL-6: interleukin-6, LDL-C: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, TC: total cholesterol, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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