Maternal diet deficient in riboflavin induces embryonic death associated with alterations in the hepatic proteome of duck embryos

Table 1 Composition of riboflavin-deficient basal diet (g/kg as-fed)

Item	g/kg
Ingredient
Corn	560.0
Soybean	238.0
Corn gluten meal	100.0
Limestone	70.0
Dicalcium phosphate	15.0
Vitamin and trace mineral premix ^a	10.0
Sodium chloride	3.0
DL-Methionine	1.0
L-Lysine·HCl	3.0
Calculated composition
Metabolizable energy ^b, MJ/kg	11.48
Crude protein	192.9
Calcium	30.7
Nonphytate phosphorus	3.5
Lysine	10.4
Methionine	4.6
Methionine + cysteine	7.7
Threonine	7.6
Tryptophan	2.0
Arginine	10.1
Riboflavin ^c, mg/kg	1.48

^aSupplied per kilogram of total diet: Cu (CuSO₄•5H₂O), 10 mg; Fe (FeSO₄•7H₂O), 60 mg; Zn (ZnO), 60 mg; Mn (MnSO₄•H₂O), 80 mg; Se (NaSeO₃), 0.3 mg; I (KI), 0.2 mg; choline chloride, 1000 mg; vitamin A (retinyl acetate), 10,000 IU; vitamin D₃ (Cholcalciferol), 3000 IU; vitamin E (DL-α-tocopheryl acetate), 20 IU; vitamin K₃ (menadione sodium bisulfate), 2 mg; thiamin (thiamin mononitrate), 2 mg; pyridoxine hydrochloride, 4 mg; cobalamin, 0.02 mg; calcium-D-pantothenate, 20 mg; nicotinic acid, 50 mg; folic acid, 1 mg; biotin, 0.2 mg
^bThe values are calculated according to the AME of ducks (Ministry of Agriculture of China, 2012)
^cThe value was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography

ISSN: 1743-7075