Skip to main content

Table 2 Mean difference and standard deviation of z-score of SBP and DBP across paternal groups in 3316 Chinese school students

From: Parental overweight and hypertension are associated with their children’s blood pressure

  

Body weight

History of hypertension

Education level

Variable

Model

Normal

Overweight

P value

No

Yes

P value

Low

High

P value

 

Number

2219

1097

2773

543

1787

1529

SBP z-score

Model 1

0 (ref)

0.29 ± 0.1

0.004

0 (ref)

0.24 ± 0.06

< 0.001

0 (ref)

−0.04 ± 0.05

0.35

Model 2

0 (ref)

0.18 ± 0.05

< 0.001

0 (ref)

0.23 ± 0.06

< 0.001

0 (ref)

−0.04 ± 0.05

0.37

Model 3

0 (ref)

0.06 ± 0.05

0.23

0 (ref)

0.16 ± 0.05

0.008

0 (ref)

− 0.05 ± 0.05

0.29

Model 4

0 (ref)

0.09 ± 0.0.05

0.07

0 (ref)

0.16 ± 0.05

0.006

0 (ref)

−0.05 ± 0.05

0.25

Model 5

0 (ref)

0.1 ± 0.0.05

0.03

0 (ref)

0.15 ± 0.06

0.01

0 (ref)

−0.03 ± 0.05

0.47

DBP z-score

Model 1

0 (ref)

0.17 ± 0.04

< 0.001

0 (ref)

0.2 ± 0.05

< 0.001

0 (ref)

−0.03 ± 0.04

0.38

Model 2

0 (ref)

0.16 ± 0.04

< 0.001

0 (ref)

0.18 ± 0.05

< 0.001

0 (ref)

−0.04 ± 0.04

0.28

Model 3

0 (ref)

0.08 ± 0.05

0.11

0 (ref)

0.09 ± 0.06

0.11

0 (ref)

−0.05 ± 0.04

0.22

Model 4

0 (ref)

0.11 ± 0.04

0.006

0 (ref)

0.14 ± 0.05

0.005

0 (ref)

−0.05 ± 0.04

0.21

Model 5

0 (ref)

0.11 ± 0.04

0.005

0 (ref)

0.13 ± 0.05

0.01

0 (ref)

−0.04 ± 0.04

0.33

  1. Paternal overweight includes overweight and obese (BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2). Low education level refers as the highest level ≤ middle school and high as ≥high school. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure
  2. Model 1: adjusted for age (y) and sex
  3. Model 2: adjusted for variables in model 1 and further adjusted for height (cm), birth weight (g), infant feeding (breastfeeding, part breastfeeding or bottle-feeding), physical activities (< 1 h or ≥ 1 h per day), night sleep duration (< 9 h or ≥ 9 h per day), consumption of carbonated beverage (≤3 or ≥ 4 bottles per week), western fast food (≤4 or ≥ 5 times per month), traditional Chinese fried food (≤4 or ≥ 5 times per week), and processed meat (≤4 or ≥ 5 times per week)
  4. Model 3: adjusted for variables in model 2 and further adjusted z-score of children’s BMI
  5. Model 4: adjusted for variables in model 2 and further adjusted z-score of children’s waist circumference
  6. Model 5: adjusted for variables in model 2 and further adjusted z-score of children’s percentage of body fat