| Serum ferritin (< 12 μg/L) | Serum transferrin (> 4 g/L) | Transferrin/ferritin ratio log10 transform (> 5.52) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deficient (N = 5995) | Replete (N = 5574) | Deficient (N = 6301) | Replete (N = 5275) | Deficient (N = 6233) | Replete (N = 5331) | |
Maternal characteristics | ||||||
 Maternal age at delivery (years) | 28 (25–31)** | 28 (26–31) | 28 (25–31)** | 28 (26–31) | 28 (25–31)** | 28 (26–32) |
 ≤ 25 [N(%)] | 1558 (25.99%)** | 1168 (20.95%) | 1577 (25.03%)** | 1153 (21.86%) | 1604 (25.73%)** | 1122 (21.05%) |
 26–29 [N(%)] | 2461 (41.05%) | 2401 (43.07%) | 2633 (41.79%) | 2227 (42.22%) | 2576 (41.33%) | 2282 (42.81%) |
 ≥ 30 [N(%)] | 1976 (32.96%)** | 2005 (35.97%) | 2091 (33.19%)** | 1895 (35.92%) | 2053 (32.94%)** | 1927 (36.15%) |
 BMI at delivery (kg/m2) | 26.95 (25–29.30) | 26.95 (24.98–29.38) | 26.95 (24.97–29.30) | 26.99 (25–29.36) | 26.99 (25–29.30) | 26.95 (24.97–29.36) |
 < 25 [N(%)] | 1461 (24.65%) | 1399 (25.32%) | 1600 (25.63%) | 1262 (24.19%) | 1512 (24.53%) | 1347 (25.49%) |
 ≥25 [N(%)] | 4467 (75.35%) | 4126 (74.68%) | 4643 (74.37%) | 3955 (75.81%) | 4652 (75.47%) | 3937 (74.51%) |
Gravidity | ||||||
 < 3 [N(%)] | 4138 (69.02%)** | 4086 (73.30%) | 4403 (69.88%)** | 3825 (72.51%) | 4306 (69.08%)** | 3914 (73.42%) |
 ≥3 [N(%)] | 1857 (30.98%)** | 1488 (26.70%) | 1898 (30.12%)** | 1450 (27.49%) | 1927 (30.92%)** | 1417 (26.58%) |
Parity | ||||||
 No child [N(%)] | 3309 (55.20%)** | 3638 (65.27%) | 3629 (57.59%)** | 3321 (62.96%) | 3454 (55.41%)** | 3489 (65.45%) |
 ≥1 child [N(%)] | 2686 (44.80%)** | 1936 (34.73%) | 2672 (42.41%)** | 1954 (37.04%) | 2779 (44.59%)** | 1842 (34.55%) |
 Gestational age at delivery (week) | 38.72 ± 1.62 | 38.66 ± 1.72 | 38.76 ± 1.54* | 38.61 ± 1.81 | 38.73 ± 1.60 | 38.65 ± 1.74 |
 Systolic BP at delivery (mmHg) | 120 (110–129)** | 120 (110–130) | 120 (110–129)** | 120 (110–130) | 120 (110–129)** | 120 (110–130) |
 Diastolic BP at delivery(mmHg) | 72 (70–79)** | 73 (70–80) | 72 (70–80)** | 73 (70–80) | 72 (70–79)** | 73 (70–80) |
Delivery mode | ||||||
 Vaginal delivery | 3412 (56.91%) | 2951 (52.94%) | 3573 (56.71%) | 3081 (58.41%) | 3529 (56.62%) | 3122 (58.56%) |
 Cesarean section | 2583 (43.09%) | 2334 (41.87%) | 2728 (43.29%) | 2194 (41.59%) | 2704 (43.38%) | 2209 (41.44%) |
 Inflammation (hsCRP > 5 mg/L) | 1329 (22.17%)** | 1639 (29.4%) | 1465 (23.25%)** | 1507 (28.57%) | 1394 (22.36%)** | 1572 (29.49%) |
 Anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L) | 2032 (33.89%)** | 396 (7.1%) | 1735 (27.54%)** | 692 (13.12%) | 2070 (33.21%)** | 356 (6.85%) |
 GDM | 389 (6.49%)** | 580 (10.41%) | 539 (8.55%) | 429 (8.13%) | 429 (6.88%)** | 539 (10.11%) |
 ICP | 301 (5.02%)** | 415 (7.45%) | 448 (7.11%)** | 268 (5.08%) | 333 (5.34%)** | 383 (7.18%) |
 PE | 147 (2.45%)** | 249 (4.47%) | 190 (3.02%)* | 208 (3.94%) | 163 (2.62%)** | 233 (4.37%) |
 PIH | 107 (1.78%)** | 139 (2.49%) | 133 (2.11%) | 113 (2.14%) | 114 (1.83%)** | 132 (2.48%) |
 PTB | 383 (6.39%)* | 411 (7.37%) | 365 (5.79%)** | 432 (8.19%) | 389 (6.24%)** | 404 (7.58%) |
Newborn characteristics | ||||||
 Sex | ||||||
  Female | 2829 (47.19%) | 2623 (47.06%) | 2984 (47.36%) | 2473 (46.88%) | 2985 (47.89%) | 2465 (46.24%) |
  Male | 3166 (52.81%) | 2951 (52.94%) | 3317 (52.64%) | 2802 (53.12%) | 3248 (52.11%) | 2866 (53.76%) |
Birth length (cm) | 49.88 ± 1.30** | 49.74 ± 1.55 | 49.91 ± 1.22** | 49.70 ± 1.64 | 49.89 ± 1.28** | 49.72 ± 1.58 |
Birth weight (g) | 3390 (3110–3680)** | 3320 (3030–3610) | 3380 (3100–3680)** | 3320 (3020–3600) | 3390 (3100–3680)** | 3320 (3030–3600) |
 < 2500 | 213 (3.55%)** | 304 (5.45%) | 209 (3.32%)** | 310 (5.88%) | 211 (3.39%)** | 306 (5.74%) |
 2500–4000 | 5276 (88.01%) | 4923 (88.32%) | 5544 (87.99%) | 4660 (88.34%) | 5484 (87.98%) | 4710 (88.35%) |
 > 4000 | 506 (8.44%)** | 347 (6.23%) | 548 (8.70%)** | 305 (5.78%) | 538 (8.63%)** | 315 (5.91%) |
Weight for gestational age | ||||||
 SGA | 428 (7.14%)** | 595 (10.67%) | 480 (7.62%)** | 544 (10.31%) | 440 (7.06%)** | 583 (10.94%) |
 AGA | 4538 (75.70%) | 4217 (75.65%) | 4714 (74.81%) | 4045 (76.68%) | 4705 (75.49%) | 4045 (75.88%) |
 LGA | 1029 (17.16%)** | 762 (13.67%) | 1107 (17.57%)** | 686 (13.00%) | 1088 (17.46%)** | 703 (13.19%) |