Fig. 2

Suppression of the differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes by PPE. The gene expression of adipocyte differentiation markers, Cebpa, Pparg, Slc2a4, Fasn and Adipoq, in 3T3-L1 cells cultured with PPE (1.0, 0.5 and 0.1 mg/mL) under differentiation conditions were analyzed on day 8 by RT-qPCR. Control represents cells cultured without PPE, and 3T3-L1 represents cells cultured without either PPE or differentiation-inducing agents. The gene expressions of Cebpa, Pparg, Fasn and Adipoq in 3T3-L1 cells cultured with PPE are presented relative to the value in 3T3-L1 cells, and that of Slc2a4 is presented relative to the value in Control cells. Experiments were performed in triplicate, and the data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). ND, not detected; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.005 vs. Control. Experiments were repeated three times, and representative results are shown