| Male | Female | p* |
---|---|---|---|
No. of subjects | 74 | 94 | Â |
Age (y), mean (SD) | 38.4 ± 6.6 | 38.1 ± 7.9 | 0.760 |
Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 89.6 ± 11.2 | 73.4 ± 8.0 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 30.0 ± 2.8 | 28.8 ± 3.0 | 0.011 |
Systolic BP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 134.1 ± 15.2 | 120.6 ± 16.3 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 88.7 ± 12.1 | 78.4 ± 12.2 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 19 (20.4) | 42 (53.2) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 3 (3.3) | 5 (6.5) | 0.332 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 18 (19.4) | 26 (32.5) | 0.048 |
Smoking status, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.042 |
 Smoker | 13 (16.3) | 6 (6.4) |  |
 None-smoker | 67 (83.8) | 88 (93.6) |  |
Medication, n (%) | |||
 Aspirin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
 Antihypertensive drugs | 10 (12.5) | 3 (3.2) | 0.021 |
 Hypolipidemic drugs | 5 (6.3) | 2 (2.1) | 0.168 |
 Insulin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
 Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 2 (2.5) | 2 (2.1) | 0.870 |
 Vitamin | 8 (10.0) | 9 (9.6) | 0.925 |
 Minerals | 6 (7.5) | 7 (7.4) | 0.989 |
Education level, (%) | Â | Â | 0.478 |
 University | 63 (78.8) | 78 (83.0) |  |
 High school | 17 (21.3) | 16 (17.0) |  |
 Primary school | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
Marital status, (%) | Â | Â | 0.352 |
 Single | 6 (7.5) | 11 (11.7) |  |
 Married | 74 (92.5) | 83 (88.3) |  |
 Widowed | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
VFA (cm2) | 126.0 ± 34.3 | 145.0 ± 30.9 | < 0.001 |