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Table 2 Characteristic of body composition parameters and blood pressure before and after the study among males and femalesa

From: Visceral fat reduction is positively associated with blood pressure reduction in overweight or obese males but not females: an observational study

  

Male(n = 74)

Female(n = 94)

p b

BW (kg)

Baseline

89.6 ± 11.2

73.4 ± 8.0

< 0.001

Changes

−2.0 ± 3.7

−1.6 ± 2.6

0.486

Final

87.5 ± 11.1

71.7 ± 8.7

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

Baseline

30.0 ± 2.8

28.8 ± 3.0

0.011

Changes

−0.6 ± 1.2

−0.6 ± 1.0

0.994

Final

29.3±3.0

28.2 ± 3.2

0.02

WC (cm)

Baseline

102.5 ± 7.2

93.1 ± 7.6

< 0.001

Changes

−2.2 ± 4.5

−1.4 ± 4.3

0.219

Final

100.3 ± 7.6

91.7 ± 8.1

< 0.001

WHtR

Baseline

0.96 ± 0.06

0.93 ± 0.05

< 0.001

Changes

0.02 ± 0.05

0.03 ± 0.03

0.017

Final

0.98 ± 0.08

0.96 ± 0.06

0.037

FFM (kg)

Baseline

61.4 ± 6.6

44.2 ± 4.2

< 0.001

Changes

−0.5 ± 1.5

−0.6 ± 1.1

0.779

Final

60.9 ± 6.6

43.6 ± 4.4

< 0.001

BFM (kg)

Baseline

28.2 ± 6.7

29.7 ± 5.7

0.283

Changes

−0.6 ± 3.4

0.1 ± 2.1

0.137

Final

27.5 ± 7.6

29.3 ± 6.2

0.101

BFP (%)

Baseline

31.1 ± 4.7

39.6 ± 4.3

< 0.001

Changes

−0.4 ± 2.9

0.3 ± 1.9

0.92

Final

30.7 ± 5.9

39.8 ± 4.7

< 0.001

VFA (cm2)

Baseline

126.0 ± 34.3

145.0 ± 30.9

< 0.001

Changes

−0.4 ± 20.2

4.1 ± 12.9

0.082

Final

125.1 ± 42.0

149.1 ± 34.9

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

Baseline

134.1 ± 15.2

120.6 ± 16.3

< 0.001

Changes

−3.8 ± 9.8

1.7 ± 13.9

0.005

Final

129.9 ± 14.0

122.3 ± 15.8

0.001

DBP (mmHg)

Baseline

88.7 ± 12.1

78.4 ± 12.2

< 0.001

Changes

−4.7 ± 8.7

−0.9 ± 9.4

0.008

Final

83.7 ± 9.6

77.5 ± 11.4

< 0.001

  1. aData are given as means (SD); p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. bData were analyzed by one-way ANOVA;
  2. BW body weight, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHtR waist to hip ratio, FFM fat free mass, BFM body fat mass, BPF body fat percent, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure