Fig. 7
Distribution of gut flora in NOD mice. a Analysis of the composition of bacteria at the phylum level. The most dominant phyla in the two groups were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The abundance of Bacteroides in the fucoidan intervention group was 51.37% and significantly lower than that in the NOD control group (63.97%). In addition, the abundance of Verrucomicrobia was increased in fucoidan intervention group (8.41%), but only 0.18% in the control group. b Analysis of the composition of bacteria at the family level. The abundances of Bacteroidaceae and Prevotellaceae were 22.6 and 4.00%, respectively, and declined significantly after fucoidan intervention compared with the NOD control group. The abundance of Lactobacillaceae rose to 22.80%, compared with 16.00% in the control group. c Analysis of the composition of bacteria at the genus level. Bacteroides was the most dominant genus (46.84%) in the NOD control group, however, the abundance of Bacteroides in the fucoidan intervention group was down-regulated (32.09%), and Lactobacillus became the dominant genus (32.82%). The apparent enrichment of Akkermansia occurred in the fucoidan intervention group, reaching to 12.69%, and the control group was only 0.37%. Other than that, the fucoidan intervention also increased the abundance of Clostridium XlVa and Anaerofustis, while the abundance of Alloprevotella, Enterorhabdus, and Mucispirillum was reduced. A2: NOD control group; C2; 600 mg / kg. BW fucoidan intervention group