| |
non-WSP-EN
|
WSP-EN
|
|---|
|
Day 0
|
Day 60
|
Changes
|
Day 0
|
Day 60
|
Changes
|
|---|
|
BW (kg)
|
54.89 ± 7.40
|
54.88 ± 7.19
|
− 0.02 ± 2.27
|
51.56 ± 9.29
|
52.83 ± 9.28 *
|
1.27 ± 1.40
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
23.14 ± 3.39
|
23.15 ± 3.46
|
0.01 ± 0.94
|
21.62 ± 4.13
|
22.17 ± 4.27 *
|
0.55 ± 0.62
|
|
CC (cm)
|
26.70 ± 4.07
|
26.88 ± 4.30
|
0.18 ± 1.76
|
26.18 ± 4.01
|
25.94 ± 3.85
|
− 0.24 ± 1.19
|
|
MAC (cm)
|
26.42 ± 2.33
|
26.91 ± 2.99
|
0.49 ± 3.34
|
25.51 ± 3.72
|
25.63 ± 3.23
|
0.12 ± 1.93
|
|
MAMC (cm)
|
21.64 ± 3.44
|
21.71 ± 2.34
|
0.08 ± 3.61
|
21.12 ± 3.09
|
21.35 ± 2.51
|
0.23 ± 2.26
|
|
TSF (mm)
|
15.25 ± 6.80
|
16.51 ± 5.97
|
1.26 ± 3.52
|
13.98 ± 6.87
|
13.61 ± 5.00
|
−0.37 ± 4.24
|
|
MNA (score)
|
20.78 ± 1.67
|
20.69 ± 2.85
|
−0.09 ± 2.77
|
18.85 ± 3.71
|
20.13 ± 3.59 *
|
1.27 ± 1.43
|
|
GNRI (score)
|
49.17 ± 6.51
|
49.16 ± 6.69
|
−0.01 ± 1.88
|
46.25 ± 7.95
|
47.40 ± 8.14 *
|
1.15 ± 1.27 #
|
- Data are presented as means ± standard deviations.
- *Significant within-group difference after intervention (paired t test analysis; p < 0.05).
- #Significant between-groups difference after intervention (independent t test; p < 0.05).
- BMI body mass index; CC calf circumference; MAC mid-arm circumference; MAMC mid-arm muscle circumference; TSF triceps skinfold; MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment; GNRI geriatric nutritional risk index.
- *p < 0.05 pre- vs. post-treatment, paired t test.
- #p < 0.05 between non-WSP-EN vs. WSP-EN group, independent-sample t test
