| |
Non-WSP-EN
|
WSP-EN
|
|---|
|
Day 0
|
Day 60
|
Changes
|
Day 0
|
Day 60
|
Changes
|
|---|
|
FBG (mg/dL)
|
108.19 ± 28.05
|
139.13 ± 51.07 *
|
30.94 ± 38.50
|
119.08 ± 61.23
|
122.63 ± 57.94
|
3.54 ± 59.49
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
5.84 ± 0.59
|
6.05 ± 0.97
|
0.21 ± 0.60
|
6.73 ± 1.47
|
6.40 ± 1.16 *
|
−0.33 ± 0.75 #
|
|
Insulin (μU/mL)
|
7.88 ± 6.78
|
10.98 ± 6.33
|
3.11 ± 7.06
|
8.72 ± 6.63
|
18.47 ± 13.83
|
9.75 ± 3.14
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
2.26 ± 2.77
|
3.41 ± 2.39
|
1.15 ± 2.82
|
2.92 ± 3.54
|
6.94 ± 4.62
|
4.01 ± 4.49
|
|
TC (mg/dL)
|
148.94 ± 25.42
|
158.38 ± 33.15
|
9.44 ± 26.65
|
159.29 ± 25.69
|
163.67 ± 26.96
|
4.38 ± 17.32
|
|
TG (mg/dL)
|
157.63 ± 82.40
|
161.44 ± 79.30
|
3.81 ± 57.85
|
127.21 ± 54.99
|
140.04 ± 72.52
|
12.83 ± 41.88
|
|
HDL-C (mg/dL)
|
38.19 ± 12.39
|
37.88 ± 8.15
|
− 0.31 ± 6.80
|
42.13 ± 10.56
|
44.25 ± 8.43 *
|
2.13 ± 4.93
|
|
LDL-C (mg/dL)
|
91.63 ± 18.11
|
99.69 ± 25.82
|
8.06 ± 20.97
|
100.96 ± 23.37
|
106.71 ± 23.14
|
5.75 ± 14.89
|
|
TC/ HDL-C
|
4.18 ± 1.12
|
4.39 ± 1.38
|
0.21 ± 0.71
|
3.99 ± 1.09
|
3.82 ± 0.84
|
−0.17 ± 0.61
|
|
LDL-C/HDL-C
|
2.62 ± 0.85
|
2.80 ± 1.07
|
0.17 ± 0.64
|
2.56 ± 0.91
|
2.49 ± 0.66
|
−0.07 ± 0.52
|
- Data are presented as means ± standard deviations.
- * Significant within-group difference after intervention (paired t test analysis; p < 0.05).
- # Significant between-groups difference after intervention (independent t test; p < 0.05).
- FBG Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance. TC Total cholesterol; TG triglyceride; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
- *p < 0.05 pre- vs. post-treatment, paired t test.
- #p < 0.05 between non-WSP-EN vs. WSP-EN group, independent-sample t test
