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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population by quartiles of HOMA-IR changes

From: Impact of 3-year changes in fasting insulin and insulin resistance indices on incident hypertension: Tehran lipid and glucose study

 

Quartiles of HOMA-IR changes

  

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

Total

 

(< − 0.550)

(≥ − 0.550 – < − 0.056)

(≥ − 0.056 – <  0.416)

(≥ 0.416)

 

(n = 703)

(n = 704)

(n = 704)

(n = 703)

(n = 2814)

P valuea

Male gender, n (%)

243 (34.6)

296 (42.0)

288 (40.9)

296 (42.1)

1123 (39.9)

0.010

Age, years

37.5 (12.6)

40.1 (13.1)

40.6 (13.6)

39.5 (12.4)

39.4 (13.0)

<  0.001

BMI, Kg/m2

27.3 (4.6)

26.4 (4.3)

26.2 (4.6)

26.9 (4.5)

26.7 (4.5)

<  0.001

WC, cm

89.6 (12.2)

87.8 (11.5)

87.2 (11.5)

89.5 (11.7)

88.5 (11.8)

<  0.001

Education level, n (%)

     

0.235

 <6 years

129 (18.3)

141 (20.0)

164 (23.3)

154 (21.9)

588 (20.9)

 

 6–12 years

445 (63.3)

432 (61.4)

423 (60.1)

440 (62.6)

1740 (61.8)

 

  ≥ 12 years

129 (18.3)

131 (18.6)

117 (16.6)

109 (15.5)

486 (17.3)

 

Marital status, n (%)

     

0.666

 Married

549 (78.1)

545 (77.4)

563 (80.0)

538 (76.5)

2195 (78.0)

 

 Divorced/widowed

26 (3.7)

33 (4.7)

30 (4.3)

36 (5.1)

125 (4.4)

 

 Single

128 (18.2)

126 (17.9)

111 (15.8)

129 (18.3)

494 (17.6)

 

Physical activity, n (%)

     

0.638

 <600

255 (36.3)

252 (35.8)

247 (35.1)

269 (38.3)

1023 (36.4)

 

  ≥ 600

448 (63.7)

452 (64.2)

457 (64.9)

434 (61.7)

1791 (63.6)

 

SBP, mmHg

109.7 (11.1)

109.7 (11.1)

109.1 (12.0)

110.0 (11.5)

109.6 (11.4)

0.580

DBP, mmHg

72.1 (8.1)

71.5 (8.1)

71.1 (8.4)

72.0 (8.2)

71.7 (8.2)

0.079

Smoker, n (%)

     

0.149

 Never/past

635 (90.3)

613 (87.1)

630 (89.5)

614 (87.3)

2492 (88.6)

 

 Current

68 (9.7)

91 (12.9)

74 (10.5)

89 (12.7)

322 (11.4)

 

History of CVD, n (%)

7 (1.0)

6 (0.9)

6 (0.9)

11 (1.6)

30 (1.1)

0.512

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

78.8 (13.1)

78.2 (13.4)

78.3 (13.1)

79.0 (13.0)

78.6 (13.1)

0.551

FPG, mmol/L

5.00 (4.77–5.38)

4.94 (4.66–5.16)

4.83 (4.55–5.11)

4.83 (4.55–5.16)

4.88 (4.61–5.22)

<  0.001

TC, mmol/L

4.90 (1.00)

4.83 (1.01)

4.75 (0.95)

4.86 (1.07)

4.84 (1.01)

0.040

TG, mmol/L

1.45 (1.03–2.15)

1.32 (0.94–1.88)

1.27 (0.94–1.81)

1.41 (0.94–2.08)

1.36 (0.96–1.98)

<  0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.01 (0.26)

1.03 (0.28)

1.03 (0.27)

1.00 (0.26)

1.02 (0.27)

0.066

Incident hypertension, n (%)

142 (20.2)

129 (18.3)

142 (20.2)

181 (25.7)

594 (21.1)

0.004

  1. Data are shown as mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or number (proportion) as appropriate
  2. HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol
  3. a P values for difference across all quartiles of HOMA-IR changes were calculated with ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests, as appropriate
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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