Fig. 2

mTORC2 and its signaling networks mTORC2 is composed of mTOR, Deptor, Rictor, mLST8, mSin1, PROTOR1/2 and Tti1/Tel2 complex. The signaling networks of mTORC2. The classic growth factors such as insulin stimulation through PI3K signaling to promote mTORC2-ribosome binding and activation of mTORC2. Growth factor-dependent activation of PIP3 interacts with mSin1 to enhance the activity of mTORC2 and initiation of its downstream signaling. Akt, as a downstream of PDK1 can directly phosphorylate mSin1 thus activating mTORC2, which, in turn, positively feeds back to phosphorylate and activate Akt. Upon activation, mTORC2 phosphorylates its downstream substrates, including SGK1, PKC, MST1, IMP1 and Akt. mTORC2 can negatively feeds back to IRS through Fbw8. Deptor, DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein; Fbw8, F-box/WD repeat-containing protein; IMP1, IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; mSin1, mammalian stress-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1; MST1, mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1; mTORC2, mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2; PDK1, Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1;PIP2, phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; PROTOR1/2, protein observed with Rictor-1 and -2; Rictor, Raptor-independent companion of mTOR; SGK1, serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1